From urban planning techniques to 15-minute neighbourhoods. A theoretical framework and GIS-based analysis of pedestrian accessibility to public services

Abstract

The enthusiasm with which several metropolises have promoted and embraced the idea of the '15-minute city' may now provide a useful opportunity to reflect once again on the well-known relationship between urban planning and mobility planning. Urban policies and plans are recently rediscovering a new focus on the proximity dimension and active mobility, progressively excluding the obsolete car-centric model. In this perspective, the paper aims at assessing 15-minute neighbourhoods through a GIS-based model to evaluate pedestrian accessibility to urban services and spaces. The implemented methodology integrates the assessment of walking distances and the mapping of the resident population distribution. The method is then applied to measure the current performance of an existing neighbourhood in Parma, assessing accessibility based on home-facility travel times and the resident population within reach. A reflection is proposed on what has been learned and on the possible contribution that the method can bring to urban monitoring and planning.

Literature analysis of international experiences in studying the theoretical and methodological framework of GIS-based demographic mapping processes

“…A diverse range of theoretical foundations underpin GIS-based demographic mapping, as evident in Table 1 [6][7][8][9]. Studies employ frameworks such as Spatial Demography, emphasizing population distribution, and Agent-Based Modeling, focusing on individuallevel interactions.…”

“…The exploration extends to examining the evolving role of GIS technologies in response to the dynamic challenges posed by global demographic shifts. The integration of innovative spatial analysis techniques, advances in data collection methodologies, and the impact of emerging technologies on demographic mapping are all focal points of this investigation [6,7]. By addressing these aspects, the study aims to offer insights into the adaptability and responsiveness of GIS frameworks in capturing the complexities of contemporary demographic trends [8].…”

Supporting Asset Management with GIS and Business Intelligence Technologies: The Case Study of the University of Turin

“…As indicated by the literature, the average person's walking speed is between 4 and 5 km/h [31][32][33]. This fact implies that in 15 min it is possible to reach a distance of 1 km or a little more (1.2 km), in conditions with straight paths and no obstacles.…”

Study on the Influence Mechanism and Space Distribution Characteristics of Rail Transit Station Area Accessibility Based on MGWR

“…Distance- and time-based accessibility is chosen to better reflect the rail station area and reachability. Calculating reachability with GIS platforms requires a lot of data work and modeling work [ 27 ]. This paper calculates the corresponding accessibility evaluation index based on the platform and data of the Internet map provider, and its calculation method can eliminate the cumbersome data collection and modeling process, and is also more in line with the practical life scene [ 28 ].…”