From Wastes to High Value Added Products: Novel Aspects of SSF in the Production of Enzymes

Abstract

Solid state fermentation (SSF), a process that occurs in the absence or near absence of water, has been used for the production of various high value added products such as enzymes and other organic components. This paper reviews the recent studies reported on the use of SSF for the production of enzymes; lipases, proteases, cellulases, hemicellulases, ligninases, glucoamylases, pectinases and inulinases. The microorganisms used for fermentation are mostly fungi and substrates are waste materials from the agriculture and food industry. This shows the advantages of SSF from an economical and environmental viewpoint. The paper provides an Downloaded by [New York University] at 03:19 04 February 2015 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 update on several issues, viz. wastes, microorganisms and scale-up and control of the process of fermentation in solid-state.

Induction of fungal laccase production under solid state bioprocessing of new agroindustrial waste and its application on dye decolorization

“…Compared with submerged fermentation, SSB can obtain higher product titers with low energy consumption, low volumes and low equipment costs, and most notably without effluents and less pollution (Raimbault 1998). In addition, lignocellulosic materials mainly comprising of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin are generally better substrates for enzyme production in SSB (Anwar et al 2014;El-Bakry et al 2015). Thus, approaches that are more recent have focused on utilizing agroindustrial wastes, one of lignocellulosic substrates, as a raw material for the production of microbial metabolites for food processing industries (El-Bakry et al 2015).…”

“…In addition, lignocellulosic materials mainly comprising of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin are generally better substrates for enzyme production in SSB (Anwar et al 2014;El-Bakry et al 2015). Thus, approaches that are more recent have focused on utilizing agroindustrial wastes, one of lignocellulosic substrates, as a raw material for the production of microbial metabolites for food processing industries (El-Bakry et al 2015). This has gained increasing ground because agrobased raw materials such as coffee pulp and husk, sugar beet pulp, sugarcane bagasse and bran of pulses have the advantage of using as a sole source of energy and C-pool and are environment friendly.…”

Solid-State Fermentation as a Novel Paradigm for Organic Waste Valorization: A Review

“…However, fungi and yeast are the most commonly reported for the reason that SSF can provide a similar natural habitat, which has low water activity in the fermentation media. The most common yeast genera reported in SSF are Candida, Saccharomyces and Aureobasidium [71], while common fungal genera are Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Rhizopus, which have a broad range of species for the production of a wide number of valuable bio-products through SSF [12]. Despite SSF seeming to be more favorable for fungi and yeast growth, there is also increasing evidence of bacteria successfully used in producing bio-products in SSF.…”

“…In recent years, the production of enzymes from SSF has gained attention due to the simplicity, high productivity, and stability that make them suitable for industrial processes. Several reviews on the production of enzymes from SSF have been published in recent years [5,9,11,12]. Fungi, yeasts, and bacteria are capable of producing various enzymes through SSF, as the environment in SSF is favorable for most microorganisms.…”

Modelling of solid‐state fermentation over wide operational range for application in process optimization

“…[1][2][3][4] However, the difficulties related to monitoring and controlling the temperature and moisture content of the medium are major limitations for industrial application of the SSF process, because these variables directly affect fungal growth and product formation. Solid wastes such as sugarcane bagasse, soybean bran, corn stover, and wheat straw can be used as growth substrates for microorganisms to produce enzymes and organic acids, among other products of industrial relevance.…”