From wound to scar

Linares, Hugo A.

doi:10.1016/0305-4179(95)00164-6

Cited by 89 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…In wound healing, reparative granulation tissue replaces blood clot or fibrin through the migration and proliferation of endothelial cells and fibroblasts (Cotran et al, 1994;Dellian et al, 1996;Desmouliere et al, 1995Desmouliere et al, , 1997Greenhalgh, 1998;Linares, 1996;Mutsaers et al, 1997). This highly vascular granulation tissue then undergoes maturation to scar tissue through the apoptotic loss of blood vessels and increased collagen deposition (Desmouliere et al, 1995(Desmouliere et al, , 1997Greenhalgh, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The essential first step in wound healing appears to be replacement of fibrinous material by highly vascular reparative granulation tissue, which explains the formation of granulation tissue with consequent maturation to scar in healing infarcts, chronic inflammatory lesions, pericardititis, peritonitis, and pleuritis. This process seems essentially similar regardless of the tissue or injury involved (Cotran et al, 1994;Dellian et al, 1996;Desmouliere et al, 1995Desmouliere et al, , 1997Greenhalgh, 1998;Linares, 1996;Mutsaers et al, 1997). The only clear exception to this is bony healing, wherein invasion of reparative granulation tissue by osteoprogenitor cells results in maturation to bone instead of scar tissue (Bruder et al, 1994;Cotran et al, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Adipogenic healing in adult mice by implantation of hollow devices in muscle

2002

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In mammals, wound healing is thought to result in the formation of scar tissue, with the exception of bony healing after fractures. Here we describe a previously unknown pattern of wound healing in which adipose rather than scar tissue is formed. Adipogenesis is normally confined to the embryo, although there are several experimental models for adipogenesis with highly specific dietary, cytokine, matrix, sex, or age requirements. The adipogenic healing described in this work provides a simple and reproducible experimental mouse model for adipogenesis without these limitations. Mice received intramuscular implants of nylon mesh material. Fibrinous material impregnated implants and within 4 weeks was replaced with highly vascular granulation tissue, typical of wound healing. Also consistent with wound healing was a reduction in vascularity of the newly formed tissue over time (P Ͻ 0.05). Lipoblasts were prevalent in granulation tissue, reaching a maximum in week 2 (P Ͻ 0.001) but falling to very low levels by week 9. These cells matured to adipocytes, with intermediate forms being seen. The identity of lipoblasts and adipocytes was confirmed by Oil Red O staining and electron microscopy. Control experiments confirmed that adipogenesis was independent of the materials used as well as of the sex and age of the animals. Rather, adipogenesis appeared to be due to replacement of fibrinous material in a space created within muscle. It is possible that adipogenic healing represents an adaptation for limiting the formation of restrictive scar tissues within muscle, and that this is the basis for the formation of traumatic lipomas in humans. Also, muscle tissue is replaced by adipose cells, seemingly derived from pluripotential satellite cells, in several degenerative muscle conditions, suggesting a role for adipogenic healing in these conditions. Anat Rec 267: 28 -36, 2002.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Adipogenic healing in adult mice by implantation of hollow devices in muscle

2002

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“…For example, a deep burn wound needs to heal without stimulating excessive inflammation and granulation tissue formation, as this will enhance hypertrophic scar formation; whereas a chronic wound can only be stimulated to heal if, in contrast, granulation tissue formation is promoted. 9 Earlier, we have shown that ASC and dermal fibroblasts both display a mesenchymal stem cell phenotype (CD31 -, CD34…”

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confidence: 99%

Differential Response of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Dermal Fibroblasts, and Keratinocytes to Burn Wound Exudates: Potential Role of Skin-Specific Chemokine CCL27

Broek

Kroeze

Waaijman

et al. 2014

Tissue Engineering Part A

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Many cell-based regenerative medicine strategies toward tissue-engineered constructs are currently being explored. Cell-cell interactions and interactions with different biomaterials are extensively investigated, whereas very few studies address how cultured cells will interact with soluble wound-healing mediators that are present within the wound bed after transplantation. The aim of this study was to determine how adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC), dermal fibroblasts, and keratinocytes will react when they come in contact with the deep cutaneous burn wound bed. Burn wound exudates isolated from deep burn wounds were found to contain many cytokines, including chemokines and growth factors related to inflammation and wound healing. Seventeen mediators were identified by ELISA (concentration range 0.0006-9 ng/mg total protein), including the skin-specific chemokine CCL27. Burn wound exudates activated both ASC and dermal fibroblasts, but not keratinocytes, to increase secretion of CXCL1, CXCL8, CCL2, and CCL20. Notably, ASC but not fibroblasts or keratinocytes showed significant increased secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (5-fold) and interleukin-6 (253-fold), although when the cells were incorporated in bi-layered skin substitute (SS) these differences were less pronounced. A similar discrepancy between ASC and dermal fibroblast mono-cultures was observed when recombinant human-CCL27 was used instead of burn wound exudates. Although CCL27 did not stimulate the secretion of any of the wound-healing mediators by keratinocytes, these cells, in contrast to ASC or dermal fibroblasts, showed increased proliferation and migration. Taken together, these results indicate that on transplantation, keratinocytes are primarily activated to promote wound closure. In contrast, dermal fibroblasts and, in particular, ASC respond vigorously to factors present in the wound bed, leading to increased secretion of angiogenesis/granulation tissue formation factors. Our findings have implications for the choice of cell type (ASC or dermal fibroblast) to be used in regenerative medicine strategies and indicate the importance of taking into account interactions with the wound bed when developing advanced therapies for difficult-to-close cutaneous wounds.

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“…However, at 6 months after surgery, this finding is only confirmed by physician while from a patient' point of view standard laparoscopy and open approach perform similarly, with only mini-laparoscopy holding a better scar assessment. These findings might be explained by fact that scarring is a time-dependent process [20] and cosmetic satisfaction may be fluid [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Retropubic, laparoscopic and mini-laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a prospective assessment of patient scar satisfaction

et al. 2014

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Image Questionnaire (BIQ) scales, respectively, recorded at skin clips removal and either at 6 months after surgery. Results Overall, 32 patients were enrolled and completed the 6 month of follow-up. At clips removal, laparoscopic approaches offered better scar result than open surgery according to the POSAS. However, at 6 months, no differences were detected between VLP and open, whereas ML was still associated with a better scar outcome (p = 0.001). This finding was also confirmed by both BIQ scales, including the body image score (ML 9.8 ± 1.69, open 15.73 ± 3.47, VLP 13.27 ± 3.64; p = 0.001) and the cosmetic score (ML 16.6 ± 4.12, open 10 ± 1.9, LP 12.91 ± 3.59; p = 0.001). Small sample size and lack of randomization represent the main limitations of this study. Conclusions ML RP offers a better cosmetic outcome when compared to both open and standard laparoscopic RP, representing a step toward minimal surgical scar. The impact of scar outcome on RP patients' quality of life remains to be determined.

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From wound to scar

Cited by 89 publications

References 76 publications

Adipogenic healing in adult mice by implantation of hollow devices in muscle

Adipogenic healing in adult mice by implantation of hollow devices in muscle

Differential Response of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Dermal Fibroblasts, and Keratinocytes to Burn Wound Exudates: Potential Role of Skin-Specific Chemokine CCL27

Retropubic, laparoscopic and mini-laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a prospective assessment of patient scar satisfaction

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