Front-end electronics for the RatCAP mobile animal PET scanner

Pratte, J.‐F.; Geronimo, G. De; Junnarkar, S.; O’Connor, P.; Yu, B. X.; Robert, S.; Radeka, V.; Woody, C. L.; Stoll, S. P.; Vaska, P.; Kandasamy, A.; Lecomte, Roger; Fontaine, R.

doi:10.1109/tns.2004.832299

Cited by 43 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Due to extremely limited space and power, the front-end processing for each block will be performed by a single, custom-designed 32-channel 0.18 m CMOS application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) [9]. The maximum power budget is 125 mW, which is expected to keep heating to a minimum by limiting the total system power to less than 2 W. The estimated final chip size is .…”

Section: Readout Electronics Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

RatCAP: miniaturized head-mounted PET for conscious rodent brain imaging

Vaska

Woody

Schlyer

et al. 2004

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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108

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Anesthesia is currently required for positron emission tomography (PET) studies of the animal brain in order to eliminate motion artifacts. However, anesthesia profoundly affects the neurological state of the animal, complicating the interpretation of PET data. Furthermore, it precludes the use of PET to study the brain during normal behavior. The rat conscious animal PET tomograph (RatCAP) is designed to eliminate the need for anesthesia in rat brain studies. It is a miniaturized full-ring PET scanner that is attached directly to the head, imaging nearly the entire brain. RatCAP utilizes arrays of 2 mm 2 mm LSO crystals coupled to matching avalanche photodiode arrays, which are in turn read out by full custom integrated circuits. Principal challenges have been addressed considering the physical constraints on size, weight, and heat generation in addition to the usual requirements of small-animal PET, such as high spatial resolution in the presence of parallax error. A partial prototype has been constructed and preliminary measurements and optimization completed. Realistic Monte Carlo simulations have also been carried out to optimize system performance, which is predicted to be competitive with existing microPET systems.Index Terms-Biomedical applications of nuclear radiation, biomedical nuclear imaging, gamma-ray detectors, motion compensation, nervous system, positron emission tomography (PET).

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Section: Readout Electronics Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

RatCAP: miniaturized head-mounted PET for conscious rodent brain imaging

Vaska

Woody

Schlyer

et al. 2004

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

Self Cite

108

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“…The improvements of computing, especially the improvement of the ADC, accelerate the development of PET system and lead to the optimization and revolution of the frontend circuit. With the development of CMOS technology, such as decrease of the minimum line width and threedimensional integrated technology, the performance, design method and cost of the front-end specific chip are advanced constantly [5,6]. This paper discussed a novel front-end readout circuit architecture and design challenges for PET imaging systems, and gave the simulation results for signals flow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a Novel Front-End Readout ASIC for PET Imaging System

Zeng¹,

Wei²,

Shen³

et al. 2013

JSIP

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The architecture of a multi-channel front-end system is important for realizing a high-resolution PET system. We propose a novel front-end readout electronic system with TDC to deal with time information for PET system which can easily design the timing control. Each channel consists of a charge preamplifier, slow/fast shaper, discriminator and a analog memory. There are a ADC and a TDC to process the energy information and time information for each channel at the same time. In this paper, the whole system signals flow is all simulated by MATLAB. The simulation results show that the proposed system can process slender current from the detector and achieve the energy and time information. The proposed architecture can be applied to high-resolution PET imaging systems with multi-channel ASICs.

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“…The noise performance, of 2000 e-RMS, for the AE 172 ASIC is comparable to that exhibited by other designs for APD-LSO-based PET systems [3,[6][7][8]10]. By coupling the ASIC to an APD detector, which has internal gain, the readout noise from the ASIC is divided by the gain of the detector when referencing the noise relative to the input signal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…In concert with other efforts to develop an ASIC for LSO-APD-based PET detectors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], we are developing an ASIC as part of a small animal PET system. Some of the unique features of our ASIC include the ability to process signals of either positive or negative polarity, an on-chip, "winner-takeall" multiplexer, and an input for processing the coincident trigger from other detectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Application-Specific Integrated Circuit for Positron Emission Tomography

Christian

Dokhale

Lawrence

et al.

IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2005

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Improving the performance of positron-emission tomography (PET) systems for small animal imaging requires the use of high-speed detectors, such as a Lutetium Oxyorthosilicate (LSO) crystal coupled to avalanche photodiodes (APDs). We have developed an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for reading out the multiple channels of an LSO-APD detector module for use in a small animal PET system.In this work, we characterize the performance of the ASIC, referred to as the AE172 chip. The AE172 can accommodate both positive and negative input signals, with a programmable conversion gain that ranges from 2.8 mV/fC to 21 mV/fC. The ASIC channels exhibit a linear response and an equivalent noise charge (ENC) of ~2000 electrons, RMS. The timing jitter depends on the amplitude of the input signal; and is less than 1 ns for test signals greater than 100,000 electrons.Connecting the ASIC to a linear APD detector reduces the relative readout noise to 26 electrons referenced to the input of the APD, which is operated at a gain of ~200. An LSO-APD-ASIC detector achieves an energy resolution of 13% for the 511 keV annihilation photons from a 22 Na source, and a coincident timing resolution of ~13 ns.

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Front-end electronics for the RatCAP mobile animal PET scanner

Cited by 43 publications

References 10 publications

RatCAP: miniaturized head-mounted PET for conscious rodent brain imaging

RatCAP: miniaturized head-mounted PET for conscious rodent brain imaging

Design of a Novel Front-End Readout ASIC for PET Imaging System

An Application-Specific Integrated Circuit for Positron Emission Tomography

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