“…The calibration subsystem is formed by a noise source, a 1-4 power divider, four matched loads and four calibration switches. In the antenna array chain, the LNAs are placed after each calibration switch due to pre-amplification resulting in improved gain and stability [18]. As shown in Fig.1, the channel chain is a heterodyne microwave receiver, which is constituted by a power amplifier (PA), a mixer, a local oscillator, a low-pass filter, IF, A/D, a square law detector and an integrator.…”