Front Matter

Ali, Mushahid; Ramakrishna, Kumar

doi:10.1142/9789813222823_fmatter

Cited by 7 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…where Step 2a -Equation (2) represents a rate-determining step, favouring the dimerization of the radical to produce enzymatically inactive dimer (NAD 2 ): [25,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Step 2b:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[25,30,31,45] Surprisingly, we have also discovered that bare (non-modified) glassy carbon (GC) and carbon nanofibre (CNF) electrodes are quite efficient in producing pure (100 %) 1,4-NADH. [32,46] Although, the CNFs enabled an increase in the NAD þ reduction kinetics, compared to the GC electrode, no reduction in the 1,4-NADH regeneration overpotential was observed for the 100 % recovery, which makes these bare electrodes unsuitable for practical use because of the high consumption of electrical power. In addition, at such high negative potentials the hydrogen evolution kinetics is favoured, resulting in a low faradaic efficiency with respect to 1,4-NADH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Direct electrochemical regeneration of enzymatic cofactor 1,4‐NADH on a cathode composed of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes decorated with nickel nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were grown on a stainless steel mesh and decorated with nickel nanoparticles (Ni NPs). The developed Ni NP‐MWCNT material was then used as a cathode in an electrochemical batch reactor to electrocatalytically convert NAD+ to enzymatically‐active 1,4‐NADH. The regeneration of 1,4‐NADH was studied at various electrode potentials. At electrode potential of −1.6 V, a very high recovery (relative amount of 1,4‐NADH in the product mixture) was obtained, 98 ± 1 %. In comparison, to achieve the same recovery on a non‐decorated MWCNT cathode, a much higher cathodic potential was needed (−2.3 V), establishing the importance of Ni NPs on the electrocatalytic activity in reducing NAD+ to 1,4‐NADH. It was postulated that hydrogen adsorbs on Ni NPs immobilized on MWCNTs to form Ni‐Hads, and this activated hydrogen rapidly reacts with neighbouring NAD‐radicals, preventing the dimerization of the latter species, ultimately yielding 1,4‐NADH.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct electrochemical regeneration of enzymatic cofactor 1,4‐NADH on a cathode composed of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes decorated with nickel nanoparticles

et al. 2017

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“…At this aim, severals ynthetic strategies have been elaborated in the recent years to achieve appropriate shape, size distribution, dispersibility,a nd magnetic behaviors. [8] Iron oxides, in particular magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 )a nd maghemite (g-Fe 2 O 3 ), are the most commonu sed materials for the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles. [9] Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs)a re nontoxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, and the iron ions resulting from their degradation are efficientlyr egulated via the metabolic pathways of Fe and by the innate clearance mechanism of the body.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9,10] Since bareS PIONs can be chemically very reactive, in particular under the action of oxidizing agents that can provoke loss of dispersibility and alteration of the magnetic properties, their use usually requires biocompatiblec oatingsa ble to preserve them from the action of the surrounding environment. [8] The coating of magnetic nanoparticles plays an extremelyi mportant role, fundamental for their successful exploitation;i t avoids flocculation, preserves magnetic properties, and can be even used as targeting agentt owards pecific biological structures. Polymers, surfactants, biomolecules, or inorganic layers such as silica, metals,m etal sulfides, and metal oxides have been extensively proposed to provide appropriate coatingo r graftingt omagnetic nanoparticles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[42] Over the years, such an approach has been thusu sed for the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs, [43] radionuclides, [44] and genes [45] by exploiting severals trategieso fs ynthesis of magnetic nanoparticles and by designing magnetic drug delivery systems( MDDS) with specific biological, chemical, and physical properties. [8] Therapeutic compounds can be directly linked to the surface of the magnetic nanoparticles or encapsulated into magnetic nanocarriers having ac ore-shell structure,i nw hich magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are surrounded by polymers, metals, or lipids. [2,11,46] Generally,s uch an approachi su sed in anticancer therapies, and first clinical trials were reported by Lübbe et al that exploited epidoxorubicin-coated magnetic nanoparticles for the treatment of inoperable solid tumors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnetic Nanotransducers in Biomedicine

Grillone

Ciofani

2017

Chemistry A European J

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Owing to their abilities to identify diseased conditions, to modulate biological processes, and to control cellular activities, magnetic nanoparticles have become one of the most popular nanomaterials in the biomedical field. Targeted drug delivery, controlled drug release, hyperthermia treatment, imaging, and stimulation of several biological entities are just some of the several tasks that can be accomplished by taking advantage of magnetic nanoparticles in tandem with magnetic fields. The huge interest towards this class of nanomaterials arises from the possibility to physically drive their spatiotemporal localization inside the body, and to deliver an externally applied stimulation at a target site. They in fact behave as actual nanotransducers, converting energy stemming from the external magnetic field into heat and mechanical forces, which act as signals for therapeutic processes such as hyperthermia and controlled drug release. Magnetic nanoparticles are a noninvasive tool that enables the remote activation of biological processes, besides behaving as formidable tracers for different imaging modalities, thus allowing to simultaneously carry out diagnosis and therapy. In view of all this, owing to their multifunctional and multitasking nature, magnetic nanoparticles are already one of the most important nanotechnological protagonists in medicine and biology, enabling an actual theranostic approach in many pathological conditions. In this Concept, we first provide a brief introduction on some physical properties of magnetic materials and on important features that determine the physical properties of magnetic nanoparticles. Thereafter, we will consider some major biomedical applications: hyperthermia, drug delivery/release, and nanoparticle-mediated control of biological processes, even at subcellular level.

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Nonlinear Waves in Nonuniform Complex Astrocloud

Haloi

Karmakar

2016

Contrib. Plasma Phys.

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The global nonlinear gravito‐electrostatic eigen‐fluctuation behaviors in large‐scale non‐uniform complex astroclouds in quasi‐neutral hydrodynamic equilibrium are methodologically analyzed. Its composition includes warm lighter electrons, ions; and massive bi‐polar multi‐dust grains (inertial) with partial ionization sourced, via plasma‐contact electrification, in the cloud plasma background. The multi‐fluidic viscous drag effects are conjointly encompassed. The naturalistic equilibrium inhomogeneities, gradient forces and nonlinear convective dynamics are considered without any recourse to the Jeans swindle against the traditional perspective. An inho‐mogeneous multiscale analytical method is meticulously applied to derive a new conjugated non‐integrable coupled (via zeroth‐order factors) pair of variable‐coefficient inhomogeneous Korteweg de‐Vries Burger (i ‐KdVB) equations containing unique form of non‐uniform linear self‐consistent gradient‐driven sinks. A numerical illustrative scheme is procedurally constructed to examine the canonical fluctuations. It is seen that the eigenspectrum coevolves as electrostatic rarefactive damped oscillatory shock‐like structures and self‐gravitational compressive damped oscillatory shock‐like patterns. The irregular damping nature is attributable to the i ‐KdVB sinks. The aperiodicity in the hybrid rapid small downstream wavetrains is speculated to be deep‐rooted in the quasi‐linear gravito‐electrostatic interplay. The phase‐evolutionary dynamics grow as atypical non‐chaotic fixed‐point attractors. We, finally, indicate tentative astronomical applications relevant in large‐scale cosmic structure formation aboard facts and faults. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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Front Matter

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Direct electrochemical regeneration of enzymatic cofactor 1,4‐NADH on a cathode composed of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes decorated with nickel nanoparticles

Direct electrochemical regeneration of enzymatic cofactor 1,4‐NADH on a cathode composed of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes decorated with nickel nanoparticles

Magnetic Nanotransducers in Biomedicine

Nonlinear Waves in Nonuniform Complex Astrocloud

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