Frontal and temporal lobe brain volumes in schizophrenia: relationship to symptomatology and clinical subtype

Turetsky, B.; Cowell, Patricia E.; Gur, Ruben C.; Grossman, R I; Gur, R.E.

doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)91044-8

Cited by 80 publications

(110 citation statements)

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“…The absence of any significant sex-by-diagnosis interactions in our study is consistent with reports on various measures of brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid dysmorphology in large schizophrenic samples in which men and women had similar levels of symptoms (39,40,49), and it extends these findings specifically to the cortical gray matter deficit.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Similar extent of brain dysmorphology in severely ill women and men with schizophrenia

Lauriello

Hoff²,

Wieneke³

et al. 1997

AJP

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T he clinical phenomena used to diagnose schizophrenia are not gender-specific (DSM-IV), which suggests that the essential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying schizophrenia are likely similar for men and women. Nonetheless, clinical differences between schizophrenic men and women, as groups, are well recognized (e.g., references 1-3). In general, as a group, women tend to have better premorbid adjustment, a later age at onset, even with correction for sex differences in age distribution (4), and a more favorable course of illness. Schizophrenic men have higher rates of soft neurological deficits not seen in affected women (5). Women have a more favorable response to medications but a higher prevalence and severity of tardive dyskinesia (6). Environmental factors may play a greater role in the etiology of schizophrenia in women than men. For example, there are reports of a higher prevalence of schizophrenia in women exposed in utero to famine (7) or influenza (8) and a decrease of schizophrenia in women but not men in Ireland (9), possibly due to the reduction of putative environmental insults.There is general agreement that brain dysmorphology underlying schizophrenia in men includes enlargement of cortical sulcal and ventricular CSF spaces (10, 11) and cortical tissue volume deficits selective to gray mat-

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Similar extent of brain dysmorphology in severely ill women and men with schizophrenia

Lauriello

Hoff²,

Wieneke³

et al. 1997

AJP

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“…Patients with prominent negative symptoms may have more severe neurobiological abnormalities than other patients, in addition to those found in the prefrontal cortex. These abnormalities include smaller volume of the temporal cortex (44)(45)(46), ventricular enlargement (45,47,48), and less cortical folding (49).…”

Section: Relationship Between High-risk Haplotype and Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between a High-Risk Haplotype in the DTNBP1 (Dysbindin) Gene and Clinical Features of Schizophrenia

Fanous¹,

Oord²,

Riley³

et al. 2005

AJP

148

103

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a haplotype in the dystrobrevin binding protein 1 (DTNBP1) gene previously associated with schizophrenia not only increases the susceptibility to psychotic illness but also to a more or less clinically specific form of psychotic illness. Method:In the Irish Study of High-Density Schizophrenia Families, subjects with psychotic illness (N=755) were given lifetime ratings of clinical features according to the Operational Criteria Checklist for Psychotic Illness. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to extract five factors-hallucinations, delusions, negative, manic, and depressive symptoms-and to create factor-derived scores. The family-based transmission disequilibrium test operationalized in the program TRANSMIT was used to determine whether a high-risk haplotype in the DTNBP1 gene was overtransmitted to subjects in the upper 20th and 40th percentiles for each factor score. These results were compared to baseline overtransmission by examining the empirical distribution of chi-square statistics in groups of 5,000 replicates in which 20% and 40% of ill subjects were randomly selected. This analysis was done for both narrow and broad definitions of psychotic illness.Results: Subjects in the upper 40th percentile for the negative symptom factorin both the narrowly (p=0.004) and broadly (p=0.01) defined illness groupswere more likely to inherit the high-risk haplotype than would be expected by chance. No other significant relationships between clinical features and high-risk haplotype transmission were observed. Conclusions:The etiologically relevant variation in DTNBP1, which is in presumptive linkage disequilibrium with the highrisk haplotype, may predispose individuals to a form of psychotic illness associated with high levels of negative symptoms. This finding supports previous evidence suggesting that genetic factors influence the clinical heterogeneity of schizophrenia.

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“…The VOI was placed blindly to diagnosis by trained investigators using standard anatomic landmarks and procedures developed in our laboratory for regional MRI measurements. (Cowell et al 1994;Turetsky et al 1995) (see Figure 1a). The voxel was positioned just above the ventricles in predominantly white matter based upon the anatomic images.…”

Section: Mrs Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Frontal and Temporal Lobes of Neuroleptic Naive Patients with Schizophrenia

Cecil

Lenkinski

Gur

et al. 1999

Neuropsychopharmacology

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Studies with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) have reported abnormalities in N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), amino acids (AA) and choline (Cho) to creatine (Cr) ratios associated with schizophrenia. We report data on the three ratios in a sample of 18 neuroleptic naive patients with first-episode schizophrenia (eight studied in the dorsolateral prefrontal and 10 in the midtemporal lobe) and 24 healthy controls (14 studied in prefrontal and 10 in midtemporal lobes). Frontal lobe proton spectra were acquired with the stimulated-echo acquisition mode (STEAM) pulse sequence (echo time 21 ms, repetition time 2 s). Temporal lobe proton spectra were acquired with the point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) pulse sequence (echo time 16-21 ms, repetition time 2 s). Upon comparison with KEY WORDS : Schizophrenia; Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopyMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) provide noninvasive, risk-free methods with which to study the origins and the time course of progression of neuropsychiatric disorders. The development of spatial localization methods, which sample the relative levels of mobile metabolites from a volume of tissue defined from an MR image, has provided a basis for integrating the biochemical information obtained by MRS with the anatomical and pathological information obtained from MRI. In vivo MRS studies of schizophrenia have examined two primary nuclei, phosphorus (Calabrese et al. 1992;Deicken et al. 1995;Keshavan et al. 1993;Pettegrew et al. 1993Pettegrew et al. , 1995Pettegrew et al. , 1991Shioiri et al. 1994;Stanley et al. 1995b;Stanley et al. 1994) and proton (Bertolino et al. 1996, Buckley et al. 1994Choe et al. 1994;Fukuzako et al. 1995;Nasrallah et al. 1994;Radda and Taylor 1985;Stanley et al. 1996;Yurgelun-Todd et al. 1996;Yurgelun-Todd et al. 1993). Phosphorus MRS can detect alterations in the levels of compounds involved in the bioenergetics of cellular metabolism, such as inorganic phosphate, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and phosphocreatine. Additional composite resonances from phosphorus monoesters (PME) and phosphorus diesters (PDE) can also be detected. Phosphorus MRS in schizophrenia research has revealed abnormalities with high-energy phosphates as well as alterations in membrane phospholipid metabolism (Pettegrew et al. 1995 (Birken and Oldendorf 1989), NAA/Cr levels may reflect neuronal viability and integrity. Creatine is a compound involved in the regulation of cellular energy metabolism. The creatine resonance observed by proton MRS, is a combination of creatine and phosphocreatine. Trimethyl ammonium residues primarily representing choline are detected with MRS. The choline resonance is a composite of a number of choline-containing compounds. These include phosphocholine, glycerophosphocholine, acetylcholine, and cytidine diphosphate choline, as well as choline itself. However, the most prominent form of choline in the brain, phosphatidylcholine, is, for the most part, not detected by MRS because of its restricted immobile form . Choline level...

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Frontal and temporal lobe brain volumes in schizophrenia: relationship to symptomatology and clinical subtype

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Similar extent of brain dysmorphology in severely ill women and men with schizophrenia

Similar extent of brain dysmorphology in severely ill women and men with schizophrenia

Relationship Between a High-Risk Haplotype in the DTNBP1 (Dysbindin) Gene and Clinical Features of Schizophrenia

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Frontal and Temporal Lobes of Neuroleptic Naive Patients with Schizophrenia

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