Frontal and temporal sources of mismatch negativity in healthy controls, patients at onset of schizophrenia in adolescence and others at 15 years after onset

Abstract

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential measure of auditory change detection. It is widely reported to be smaller in patients with schizophrenia and may not improve along with otherwise successful clinical treatment. The main aim of this report is to explore ways of measuring and presenting four features of frequency-deviant MMN dipole sources (dipole moment, peak latency, brain location and orientation) and to relate these to the processes of psychopathology and illness progression. Data from early onset patients (EOS) at the start of the illness in adolescence, and others who had their first break in adolescence 15 years ago (S-15Y) were compared with two groups of age-matched healthy controls (C-EOS, C-15Y). A four-source model fitted the MMN waveform recorded from all four groups, whether MMN amplitude was more (EOS) or less (S-15Y) reduced. The locations were in the left superior temporal and anterior cingulate gyri, right superior temporal and inferior/mid frontal cortices. Dipole latencies confirmed a bottom-up sequence of processing and dipole moments were larger in the temporal lobes and on the left. Patients showed small dipole location changes that were more marked in the S-15Y than the EOS group (more rostral for the left anterior cingulate, more caudal for the right mid-frontal dipole) consistent with illness progression. The modelling of MMN dipole sources on brain atlas and anatomical images suggests that there is a degree of dissociation during illness between small progressive anatomical changes and some functional recovery indexed by scalp recordings from patients with an onset in adolescence 15 years before compared to adolescents in their first episode.

Cortical substrates and functional correlates of auditory deviance processing deficits in schizophrenia

“…Collectively, results of these AMICA-based decompositions of the whole EEG extend and refine previous studies reporting that MMN generators must be broadly distributed across primary and secondary auditory cortices (Alho, 1995; Frodl-Bauch et al, 1997; Jääskeläinen et al, 2004; Jemel et al, 2002; Kropotov et al, 1995; Molholm et al, 2005; Takahashi et al, 2012; Tiitinen et al, 1993) and are followed by P3a and RON contributions across frontal sources (Jemel et al, 2002; Marco-Pallares et al, 2005; Oknina et al, 2005; Rinne et al, 2000; Schönwiesner et al, 2007; Takahashi et al, 2012; Waberski et al, 2001; Wild-Wall et al, 2005). These results also confirm findings of a larger MMN contribution from right versus left hemisphere (Paavilainen et al, 1991).…”

“…Smaller amplitudes of each of these peaks have been consistently identified in chronic (Michie, 2001; Shelley et al, 1991; Umbricht and Krljes, 2005), recent onset (Atkinson et al, 2012; Bodatsch et al, 2011; Brockhaus-Dumke et al, 2005; Hermens et al, 2010; Jahshan et al, 2012; Oades et al, 2006; Oknina et al, 2005; Salisbury et al, 2002; Umbricht et al, 2006) and unmedicated SZ patients (Catts et al, 1995; Kirino and Inoue, 1999; Rissling et al, 2012), with promising utility for preemptive assessment and intervention in at-risk populations (Light and Näätänen, 2013; Nagai et al, 2013; Perez et al, 2014). MMN peak measures, in particular, exhibit high test–retest stability, allowing their use in repeated measure designs.…”

Event-related potentials and changes of brain rhythm oscillations during working memory activation in patients with first-episode psychosis

“…Previous EEG studies using working memory acti vation in patients with first-episode psychosis are scarce and mostly focus on auditory sensory processing. 25,28 Similarly, the impacts of first-episode psychosis on working memory-related brain oscillations have rarely been addressed. 29,30 The present study reports the analysis of endogenous and exogenous ERPs and θ rhythm synchronization in healthy controls and patients with first-episode psychosis during 2 visual n-back working memory tasks compared with oddball detection and passive fixation tasks.…”

Anterior Cingulate Abnormality as a Neural Correlate of Mismatch Negativity in Schizophrenia

“…In a volumetric MRI study, Salisbury et al [47] found an association between MMN amplitude and a volume reduction in the Heschl gyrus gray matter of the left hemisphere. The auditory cortices may represent sensory memory establishment and updating [41], whereas the inferior frontal and cingulate sources may be part of a region involved in change detection and attention switching [48]. In our study, the lower FA of the AC was associated with prolonged peak latency of the MMN in patients with schizophrenia.…”