Frontal copolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate without porogen: comparison with suspension polymerization

Pujari, Narahari S.; Vishwakarma, AR; Pathak, TS; Mule, SA; Ponrathnam, S.

doi:10.1002/pi.1626

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…[5] The application of FP to synthesize copolymers has been investigated. [6][7][8] Recently, FP was used by Fiori and Mariani for the synthesis of polyurethane, [9] by McFarland and Pojman for the polymerization of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate with a microencapsulated initiator. [10] In these examples, the rapid reaction rate, observed in propagating fronts, circumvents phase separation which occurs commonly in batch studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal Polymerization Synthesis of Starch‐Grafted Hydrogels: Effect of Temperature and Tube Size on Propagating Front and Properties of Hydrogels

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2006

Chemistry A European J

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The frontal polymerization process was used to produce superabsorbent hydrogels based on acrylic acid monomers grafted onto starch. Using a simple test tube which was nonadiabatic and permitted contact with air, the effects of initial temperature and tube size on the propagating front of grafting copolymerization and the properties of hydrogels were explored. The unrestricted access of the reaction mixture to oxygen delayed the formation of self-propagating polymerization front. The ignition time was markedly lengthened with the increasing of tube size attributed to the formation of large amounts of peroxy radicals. The front velocity dependence on initial temperature could be fit to an Arrhenius function with the average apparent activation energy of 24 kJ mol(-1), and on tube size to a function of higher order. The increase of the initial temperature increased the front temperature, which lead to more soluble oligomers and higher degree of crosslinking. The interplay of two opposite effects of oligomer and crosslinking determined the sol and gel content. An increase in tube size had two effects on the propagating front. One was to reduce heat loss. The other effect was to increase the number of escaping gas bubbles. The combined action of the two effects resulted in a maximum value of front temperature, an increase in sol content and a reduction in gel content with tube size. The highest swelling capacity of hydrogels was obtained when the initial temperature or tube size favored a formation of porous microstructure of hydrogels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frontal Polymerization Synthesis of Starch‐Grafted Hydrogels: Effect of Temperature and Tube Size on Propagating Front and Properties of Hydrogels

Yan

Zhang

et al. 2006

Chemistry A European J

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“…The continuous medium (water) does not remain in the network, but boils off during the polymerization and the purified and dried polymer exhibited permanent pores or holes on loss of porogen. However, the higher FP temperature resulted in smaller pores and hence larger surface area [35]. These particles showed a water regain of 1.6 g/g, corresponding to an overall porosity of 61.53%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Zhai et al, and Koike and Zhang et al have demonstrated the synthesis of gradient refractive index (GRIN) material by isothermal FP [26][27][28]. FP has also been used to cure mortar composition [29], synthesize copolymers [30], hydrogels [31], polymer-dispersed liquid crystals [33], homogeneous polymer blends [34], and crosslinked functional polymers [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gel formation in frontal polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate

et al. 2004

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Frontal polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate was investigated to study the effect of type and concentration of initiator, solvent and diluent on the existence of a front, on front velocity as well as front temperature. A significant effect of the type of initiator and its concentration was recorded. Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) was obtained predominantly as a gel. The different gels were evaluated for water and cyclohexane gain and porosity, and the mechanism of gel formation is discussed. Amongst the three diluents used (silica gel, β-cyclodextrin and silica sol), gel formation was highest in the presence of silica sol (≈ 42%). Pore dimensions were less than 15 nm and pore size distribution was narrow. PHEMA networks showed significantly higher water regain due to swelling than attributed to the pore volume as estimated by mercury porosimetry or cyclohexane regain. Kinetics of the equilibrium swelling ratio was studied.

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“…Pojman and co‐workers later demonstrated the feasibility of FP for a variety of monomers at ambient pressure 18, 19. FP has been used by Washington and Steinbock for the preparation of temperature‐sensitive hydrogels with improved homogeneity,20 and by Pujari et al for the obtainment of porous polymers without porogen 21. Recently, we demonstrated the feasibility of self‐propagating fronts in the synthesis of grafting copolymer hydrogels and the potential for improving the swelling capacity and swelling rate of polymers, which are the desired features of hydrogels 22, 23.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of porous polyacrylamide hydrogels by frontal polymerization

Qing

2007

Polymer International

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Polyacrylamide hydrogels with defined porous structure were synthesized through frontal polymerization (FP) in the presence of NaHCO3 as a foaming agent. Pore properties were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The as‐prepared hydrogels displayed a small cell diameter of ca 2 µm. The dissolved foaming agent dispersing at the level of molecules and the polymerization front propagating step by step should be responsible for the small uniform cell structure. The pore volume varied from 0.63 to 3.65 cm3 g−1 and the bulk density changed from 0.48 to 0.28 g cm−3 for a foaming agent content from 0 to 18%. The hydrogels synthesized by FP exhibited higher swelling rate and swelling ratio with respect to conventional batch polymerization. The highest swelling ratio and rate were obtained at a foaming agent concentration of 12% based on monomer. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry

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Frontal copolymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate without porogen: comparison with suspension polymerization

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Frontal Polymerization Synthesis of Starch‐Grafted Hydrogels: Effect of Temperature and Tube Size on Propagating Front and Properties of Hydrogels

Frontal Polymerization Synthesis of Starch‐Grafted Hydrogels: Effect of Temperature and Tube Size on Propagating Front and Properties of Hydrogels

Gel formation in frontal polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate

Preparation of porous polyacrylamide hydrogels by frontal polymerization

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