Frontal eye field, where art thou? Anatomy, function, and non-invasive manipulation of frontal regions involved in eye movements and associated cognitive operations

eVernet, Marine; Quentin, Romain; Chanes, Lorena; eMitsumasu, Manuel Andres; eValero-Cabre, Antoni

doi:10.3389/fnint.2014.00066

Cited by 160 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 179 publications

(269 reference statements)

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“…Following the rationale of Craig (34), we hypothesize that the anterior insula might thereby support interoceptive meta-awareness, namely the "feelingof-knowing." Moreover, we interpret bilaterality in PMd/FEF as a reflection of attention (35), which belongs to the most basic executive processes that are required for WM operations (21,31,32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral recruitment of prefrontal cortex in working memory is associated with task demand but not with age

Höller-Wallscheid

Thier

Pomper

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Elderly adults may master challenging cognitive demands by additionally recruiting the cross-hemispheric counterparts of otherwise unilaterally engaged brain regions, a strategy that seems to be at odds with the notion of lateralized functions in cerebral cortex. We wondered whether bilateral activation might be a general coping strategy that is independent of age, task content and brain region. While using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we pushed young and old subjects to their working memory (WM) capacity limits in verbal, spatial, and object domains. Then, we compared the fMRI signal reflecting WM maintenance between hemispheric counterparts of various task-relevant cerebral regions that are known to exhibit lateralization. Whereas language-related areas kept their lateralized activation pattern independent of age in difficult tasks, we observed bilaterality in dorsolateral and anterior prefrontal cortex across WM domains and age groups. In summary, the additional recruitment of cross-hemispheric counterparts seems to be an age-independent domain-general strategy to master cognitive challenges. This phenomenon is largely confined to prefrontal cortex, which is arguably less specialized and more flexible than other parts of the brain. working memory | subjective task difficulty | lateralization | prefrontal cortex | cognitive aging

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bilateral recruitment of prefrontal cortex in working memory is associated with task demand but not with age

Höller-Wallscheid

Thier

Pomper

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…4B). This connectivity between the FEF and the precentral gyrus is believed to control saccades when processing visual information (28,31), which is an important component of this task, i.e. facilitating an extensive visual search and extraction of information during rule acquisition.…”

Section: Double Dissociation Of Brain and Behavior Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Default mode contributions to automated information processing

Vatansever

Menon

Stamatakis

2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

254

194

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Concurrent with mental processes that require rigorous computation and control, a series of automated decisions and actions govern our daily lives, providing efficient and adaptive responses to environmental demands. Using a cognitive flexibility task, we show that a set of brain regions collectively known as the default mode network play a crucial role in such ÒautopilotÓ behavior, i.e. when rapidly selecting appropriate responses under predictable behavioral contexts. While applying learned rules, the default mode network shows both greater activity and connectivity. Furthermore, functional interactions between this network and hippocampal, parahippocampal areas as well as primary visual cortex correlate with the speed of accurate responses. These findings indicate a memory-based Òautopilot roleÓ for the default mode network, which may have important implications for our current understanding of healthy and adaptive brain processing.Significance Statement: In addition to dealing with variable demands of the environment in everyday life, we are continuously faced with routine, predictable challenges that require fast and effective responses. In an fMRI-based cognitive flexibility task, we show greater activity/connectivity centered on the default mode network during such automated decisionmaking under predictable environmental demands. Furthermore, we report on a significant correlation between this network and hippocampal connectivity, and individual differences in the participantsÕ ability to make automated, fast and accurate responses. Together, these results suggest a novel ÒautopilotÓ role for this network that may have important theoretical implications for our understanding of healthy brain processing in meeting worldly demands.Running on Autopilot

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“…However, we cannot exclude that the influence of brain stimulation on object recall might have been modulated by other cognitive functions that depend on the FEF. The FEF is not only an important cortical area for planning, programming, and executing eye movements but it is also involved in cognitive mechanisms such as spatial priming, working memory, and memory search (see Vernet et al [4] for a review). Critically, the FEF is also prominently involved in spatial attention (see Crowne [21] for a review), and several studies suggest that both oculomotor and attentional mechanisms are supported by FEF neurons [22][23][24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FEF is well known for its role in the control and planning of eye movements; in addition to this, it plays a role in a number of cognitive operations (see Vernet et al [4] for a review). To our knowledge, FEF's role in longterm memory has not yet been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupting frontal eye-field activity impairs memory recall

et al. 2016

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A large body of research demonstrated that participants preferably look back to the encoding location when retrieving visual information from memory. However, the role of this 'looking back to nothing' is still debated. The goal of the present study was to extend this line of research by examining whether an important area in the cortical representation of the oculomotor system, the frontal eye field (FEF), is involved in memory retrieval. To interfere with the activity of the FEF, we used inhibitory continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS). Before stimulation was applied, participants encoded a complex scene and performed a short-term (immediately after encoding) or long-term (after 24 h) recall task, just after cTBS over the right FEF or sham stimulation. cTBS did not affect overall performance, but stimulation and statement type (object vs. location) interacted. cTBS over the right FEF tended to impair object recall sensitivity, whereas there was no effect on location recall sensitivity. These findings suggest that the FEF is involved in retrieving object information from scene memory, supporting the hypothesis that the oculomotor system contributes to memory recall. NeuroReport 00:000-000

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Frontal eye field, where art thou? Anatomy, function, and non-invasive manipulation of frontal regions involved in eye movements and associated cognitive operations

Cited by 160 publications

References 179 publications

Bilateral recruitment of prefrontal cortex in working memory is associated with task demand but not with age

Bilateral recruitment of prefrontal cortex in working memory is associated with task demand but not with age

Default mode contributions to automated information processing

Disrupting frontal eye-field activity impairs memory recall

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