Frontal Lobe System Dysfunction in Some Criminal Actions as Shown in the Narratives Test

Pontius, Anneliese A.; Yudowitz, Bernard S.

doi:10.1097/00005053-198002000-00008

Cited by 68 publications

(22 citation statements)

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“…The TMT test (Reitan, 1958) was given in two parts: Trail Making, Part A (TMT-A) involving drawing a line connecting consecutive numbers from 1 to 25; Part B (TMT-B) involving drawing a line connecting alternating numbers and letters in sequence. Slower performance on the TMT-B compared to TMT-A indicates cognitive impairment, specified by some as general frontal dysfunction (Pontius and Yudowitz, 1980). The measure reported here was the difference between the time required to complete part A and the time required to complete part B.…”

Section: Metamemory Accuracy 485mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamemory Accuracy in Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia

Souchay

Isingrini²,

Pillon³

2003

Neurocase

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Metamemory is a multifaceted concept, which deals with an individual's knowledge and control of his or her own memory system. The ability to monitor memory performance accurately was examined in 16 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 6 patients with frontotemporal lobe dementia (FTD) and 16 elderly subjects. Participants made global memory predictions in a single experimental task, both prior to and after studying 20 critical cue-target words. Prediction accuracy was evaluated with traditional score-difference measures. Our data showed that in the case of the after-study prediction FTD patients were more inaccurate in predicting their memory performance than were the AD patients, suggesting that FTD patients were more impaired than AD patients in monitoring their memory performance. Nevertheless, there seems to be no difference regarding their metacognitive knowledge or beliefs of their own memory, as indicated by the absence of difference in prediction accuracy made before study. Moreover, analyses of covariance showed that the difference in metamemory performance between AD and FTD may be related to the executive differences observed in these two populations. In sum, our results suggest that metamemory evaluation could be useful to distinguish between patients with AD and those with FTD.

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Section: Metamemory Accuracy 485mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metamemory Accuracy in Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia

Souchay

Isingrini²,

Pillon³

2003

Neurocase

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“…For instance, Sivak et al (1981) examined the relationship between Porteus maze task performance and driving ability; Naglieri and Das (1987) correlated performance on a visual search paradigm, trail making and a "matching numbers" task with academic achievement in children; Bayless et al (1989) and Cicerone and De Luca (1990) have correlated tinkertoy (see Lezak, 1995) performance with employment status; and Pontius and Yudowitz (1980) looked at the relationship between trail making performance and selfreported criminal behavior. Additionally, there are executive tests that are inherently "ecologically valid" since they are little more than formalized versions of real-world activities [e.g., Boyd & Sautter's (1993) route-finding task; Butler et al's (1989) wheelbarrow test, or Shallice & Burgess's (1991a) Multiple Errands test; see also tests developed by Robertson et al, in press, and Schwartz et al, 1991].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecological validity of tests of executive function

Burgess

Alderman

Evans

et al. 1998

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

775

546

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Ninety-two mixed etiology neurological patients and 216 control participants were assessed on a range of neuropsychological tests, including 10 neuropsychological measures of executive function derived from 6 different tests. People who knew the patients well (relatives or carers) completed a questionnaire about the patient's dysexecutive problems in everyday life, and this paper reports the extent to which the tests predicted the patients' everyday life problems. All of the tests were significantly predictive of at least some of the behavioral and cognitive deficits reported by patients' carers. However, factor analysis of the patients' dysexecutive symptoms suggested a fractionation of the dysexecutive syndrome, with neuropsychological tests loading differentially on 3 underlying cognitive factors (Inhibition, Intentionality, and Executive Memory), supporting the conclusions that different tests measure different cognitive processes, and that there may be limits to the fractionation of the executive system. (JINS, 1998, 4, 547-558.)

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“…Factor analysis has shown that the TMT loads on both a rapid visual search and a visuospatial sequencing factor 3 . Whether it also superimposes on a third, "cognitive set-shifting", factor has been debated [4][5][6] . If true, however, this would be an important attribute of the test, as the ability to switch between categories is one of the most reliable indexes of normal neurobehavioral functioning 7 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Trail making and cognitive set-shifting

Olivera-Souza

Moll

Passman

et al. 2000

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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, FÁTIMA AZEVEDO IGNÁCIO 7 , ROGÉRIO PAYSANO MARROCOS 8 ABSTRACT -We tested the hypothesis that Part B of the Trail Making Test (TMT) is a measure of cognitive setshifting ability in 55 normal subjects with the conventional (written) TMT and a verbal adaptation, the "verbal TMT" (vTMT). The finding of a significant association between Parts B of TMT and vTMT (r = 0,59, p < 0,001), after correcting for age and education, supports the view that Part B of TMT is a valid measure of the ability to alternate between cognitive categories.KEY WORDS: trail making test, verbal trail making test, set-shifting cognition. . In Part A, the circles are numbered from 1 to 25, whereas in Part B numbers from 1 to 13 and letters from A to M must be connected in alternating fashion, beginning at 1-A and ending at M-13. Total score is given by time spent to complete each part. Factor analysis has shown that the TMT loads on both a rapid visual search and a visuospatial sequencing factor 3 . Whether it also superimposes on a third, "cognitive set-shifting", factor has been debated [4][5][6] . If true, however, this would be an important attribute of the test, as the ability to switch between categories is one of the most reliable indexes of normal neurobehavioral functioning 7 .In this study we administered a verbal adaptation of TMT-the "verbal Trail Making Test" (vTMT)-to normal individuals to see whether Part B of Trail Making Test (TMTB) also gauges the ability to shift between cognitive sets. Since in vTMT the visuospatial and visuomotor factors intrinsic to the conventional (written) TMT are reduced to a minimum, a lack of correlation between Parts B

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Frontal Lobe System Dysfunction in Some Criminal Actions as Shown in the Narratives Test

Cited by 68 publications

References 0 publications

Metamemory Accuracy in Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia

Metamemory Accuracy in Alzheimer’s Disease and Frontotemporal Lobe Dementia

The ecological validity of tests of executive function

Trail making and cognitive set-shifting

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