Frontal Sinus Malignancy

Abstract

Frontal sinus malignancy, though relatively rare compared to malignancies in other anatomical regions, presents unique challenges in diagnosis, treatment and management. These tumours can arise de novo within the frontal sinus or extend from adjacent structures, and their proximity to vital anatomical landmarks, such as the orbit, cranial fossa and critical vascular structures, complicates surgical intervention. This chapter delves into the anatomical intricacies of the frontal sinus, the various classifications of frontal sinus cells and tumours, and the diagnostic modalities, including contemporary molecular and genetic markers that are crucial for effective treatment planning. It explores the historical evolution of surgical techniques, highlighting the shift from invasive procedures to advanced endoscopic methods that offer enhanced visualisation and precision. This chapter also describes different forms of adjuvant treatment, such as external beam radiotherapy, proton and carbon ion therapy, chemotherapy and targeted/immune therapy.