Frontal–subcortical neuronal circuits and clinical neuropsychiatry

Tekin, Sibel; Cummings, Jeffrey L.

doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00428-2

Cited by 1,129 publications

(822 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For example, studies with cocaine users suggest that cue-induced ruminative thoughts activate a 'WM-like' network of regions (Bonson et al, 2002;Garavan et al, 2000), and impaired performance on a central executive or WM task has been associated with rumination induction in a sample of patients suffering from major depression (Watkins and Brown, 2002). If ruminative thoughts represent the temporary processing of items in WM, the current research suggests that as these WM demands increase it will take a high level of top-down control to inhibit the attention directed towards them, a capacity showing impairment in both of these groups (Bolla et al, 2000;Tekin and Cummings, 2002).…”

Section: Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Beyond common resources: the cortical basis for resolving task interference

2004

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Recent studies have suggested that declining inhibitory control observed during simultaneous increases in working memory (WM) demands may be due to sharing common neural resources, although it is relatively unclear how these processes are successfully combined at a neural level. Event-related functional MRI was used to examine task performance that required inhibition of varying numbers of items held in WM. Common activation regions for WM and inhibition were observed and this functional overlap may constitute the cortical basis for task interference. However, maintaining successful inhibitory control under increasing WM demands tended not to increase activation in these overlapping regions as might be expected if these common areas reflect common resources essential for task performance. Instead, increased activation was observed predominantly in unique, inhibition-specific regions including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The finding that successfully maintaining weaker stimulus -response relationships in the face of competition from stronger, prepotent responses requires greater activity in these regions reveals the means by which the brain resolves task interference and supports theories of how top-down attentional control is implemented. D

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Section: Implications and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Beyond common resources: the cortical basis for resolving task interference

2004

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“…Recently, Hornak and colleagues have shown that selective lesions to bilateral anterior cingulate cortex produce disturbances in personality functioning similar to those observed in patients with orbital frontal lesions (Hornak et al, 2003). In humans, anterior cingulate lesions lead to perseveration (Mesulam, 2000), difficulties in affective face and voice identification (Hornak et al, 2003), error monitoring (Swick and Jovanovic, 2002;Swick and Turken, 2002;Turken and Swick, 1999) and response inhibition abnormalities (Degos et al, 1993;Tekin and Cummings, 2002). Psychopathy has long been associated with perseveration (see review by , apathy (Cleckley, 1941;McCord and McCord, 1964), difficulties in identifying some affective face stimuli (Blair et al, 1997;Kosson et al, 2002), and more recently, error monitoring (Bates et al, submitted for publication) and response inhibition abnormalities (Kiehl et al, 2000b;Lapierre et al, 1995).…”

Section: Neurology and Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 88%

A cognitive neuroscience perspective on psychopathy: Evidence for paralimbic system dysfunction

Kiehl

2006

Psychiatry Research

464

398

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Psychopathy is a complex personality disorder that includes interpersonal and affective traits such as glibness, lack of empathy, guilt or remorse, shallow affect, and irresponsibility, and behavioral characteristics such as impulsivity, poor behavioral control, and promiscuity. Much is known about the assessment of psychopathy; however, relatively little is understood about the relevant brain disturbances. The present review integrates data from studies of behavioral and cognitive changes associated with focal brain lesions or insults and results from psychophysiology, cognitive psychology and cognitive and affective neuroscience in health and psychopathy. The review illustrates that the brain regions implicated in psychopathy include the orbital frontal cortex, insula, anterior and posterior cingulate, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus, and anterior superior temporal gyrus. The relevant functional neuroanatomy of psychopathy thus includes limbic and paralimbic structures that may be collectively termed 'the paralimbic system'. The paralimbic system dysfunction model of psychopathy is discussed as it relates to the extant literature on psychopathy.

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“…Trails switching, word generation to letters F-A-S, and card sorting did not. Executive function processes cover a broad spectrum of cognitive function and abilities, which in turn, likely reflects the diverse circuits that comprise the frontalsubcortical networks (Elliott et al, 2000;Ongur et al, 2003;Tekin & Cummings, 2002). It is possible that response bias performance in older adults may rely on a relatively circumscribed system that may be captured by one particular executive task but not by others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response bias and aging on a recognition memory task

Huh

Kramer

Gazzaley

et al. 2006

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Response bias reflects the decision rule an individual uses when faced with uncertainty on recognition memory tasks. Recent studies indicate frontal regions may mediate response bias performance. One theory of aging also implicates frontal lobe contributions in age-related cognitive changes. This suggests that frontal lobe changes may mediate response bias in older adults. Consistent with this frontal aging hypothesis, we predicted that response bias would become more liberal with age. Methods: Participants were 181 younger (30-49) and 112 older normal adults (751) that were part of the California Verbal Learning Test-second edition (CVLT-2) normative sample (total n 5 1078). We used parametric measures of discriminability and response bias provided by the CVLT-2 scoring program. Groups were similar in IQ and education. Multi-level regression models were created to examine the effects of moderating variables. The interaction between age and age group significantly predicted response bias. Post hoc analysis indicated that increasing age was associated with more liberal bias in the older but not in the younger group. In the light of reported relationships between frontal regions and both aging and response bias, we hypothesize that frontal changes may be the underlying mechanism explaining the increase in liberal response bias with age. (JINS, 2006, 12, 1-7.)

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Frontal–subcortical neuronal circuits and clinical neuropsychiatry

Cited by 1,129 publications

References 30 publications

Beyond common resources: the cortical basis for resolving task interference

Beyond common resources: the cortical basis for resolving task interference

A cognitive neuroscience perspective on psychopathy: Evidence for paralimbic system dysfunction

Response bias and aging on a recognition memory task

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