Frontera tecnológica y eficiencia técnica sectorial en México: un análisis envolvente de datos

Abstract

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la frontera tecnológica y la eficiencia técnica sectorial de México. La metodología empleada es el Data Envelopment Analysis. Los resultados muestran, en primer lugar, que los sectores relacionados con la agricultura, minería, manufacturas, servicios financieros, profesionales y corporativos, son totalmente eficientes bajo rendimientos variables a escala mientras que bajo rendimientos constantes se excluye el sector 11; la media de eficiencia es de 0.71 bajo rendimientos variables y 0.64 bajo rendimientos constantes a escala, por lo que existe la posibilidad de mejorar el output en aproximadamente un 30% haciendo mejor uso del capital y el empleo.

Global Oil Industry Efficiency and Productivity in the Upstream Sector

“…Among the disadvantages of the DEA technique are the difficulty in testing statistical hypotheses; results are susceptible to a poor specification of the associated input/output variables to be used; the number of observations compared must be the maximum possible. On the other hand, the units of analysis must be similar to each other (Becerril-Torres et al, 2011).…”

“…However, partial productivities do not show the joint efficiency in the use of all resources. So, it is important to have a simultaneous measure of efficiency in the joint use of resources, i.e., TFP (Becerril-Torres et al, 2011).…”

“…The Malmquist index of TFP is used to measure the impact of productivity change. Therefore, the Malmquist index evaluates a DMU's productivity change in two time periods and is an example of "comparative statics" analysis (Becerril-Torres et al, 2011). It is defined as the product of the Catch up and Frontier-shift concepts.…”

“…The displacement of the TC frontier curve does not strictly refer to some innovation or technical development; the displacement can also occur due to other phenomena such as a greater use of installed capacity and/or an improvement in resource management, capacities, or knowledge within the sector. The construction of the Malmquist index involves defining the distance functions of two different time periods and calculating the technology variation for each observation through the geometric mean of the distances in both periods (Becerril-Torres et al, 2011). A Malmquist index of less than 1 indicates a deterioration in TFP in two periods; a value greater than 1 indicates an improvement over the preceding period (Ferro & Romero, 2011).…”

Financiamiento del sector agroalimentario y desarrollo rural

“… Datos del periodo 2006-2011 (CEPAL, FAO e IICA, 2015. 2 El índice refleja la habilidad para obtener el máximo producto para un conjunto dado de insumo, en una escala 0-1 (Becerril, Rodríguez Licea y Ramírez Hernández, 2011).…”