Frost-Associated Defoliation in Populus tremuloides Causes Repeated Growth Reductions Over 185 years

Birch, Joseph D.; Chikamoto, Yoshimitsu; DeRose, R. Justin; Manvailer, Vinicius; Hogg, Edward H.; Karst, Justine; Love, David M.; Lutz, James A.

doi:10.1007/s10021-022-00799-w

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Our results mirror other studies which have found that tree species more strongly influenced ectomycorrhizal fungi than saprotrophic fungi (Nguyen et al 2016b;Chen et al 2019). Interestingly, the current survey detected more than three times as many fungal ASVs compared to our previous, targeted root-and soil samples collected around P. flexilis, P. longaeva, and P. menziesii at the UFDP (Birch et al 2021(Birch et al , 2022b. Because ectomycorrhizal fungal richness increases with aboveground diversity, particularly at the genus-level (Gao et al 2013), the diverse forest within the 1.15 ha likely drives a portion of the high fungal richness.…”

Section: Fungal Guilds and Forest Neighbors: Unique Spatial Patterns ...supporting

confidence: 88%

“…However, as trees age they may support co-evolved fungi that have adapted to late-successional forest conditions. Previous work at the UFDP found that deterministic selection overwhelmingly contributed to fungal community assembly (> 80%) on the roots and in soils around Pseudotsuga menziesii around our sampling area and that drift and dispersal limitations accounted for < 20% of community assembly (Birch et al 2022b). This suggests that deterministic selection, either from bi-directional tree-fungi selection, or environmental filtering are likely the dominant factors influencing fungal community assembly.…”

Section: Fungi and Old Trees: Who Selects Whom?mentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Live tree ages in the dataset range from 2-year seedlings to 1400 years old (Birch et al 2021). Characteristic disturbances include infrequent, high-severity fire, drought, bark-beetle outbreaks, high wind events, and growing season frost (Lutz et al 2021a;Birch et al 2022a). The 1.15-ha sampling area is structurally diverse (Fig.…”

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These interactions vary with tree species, size, age, and distance, which have all been implicated as influencing fungal community composition (Teste and Simard 2008;Birch et al 2021). Tree species vary in the amount and nutrient content of their litterfall (Vogt et al 1995;Keane 2008), root exudates (Vives-Peris et al 2020), longevity, and life-history strategies, all of which can alter the environment and influence the assembly of fungal communities (Birch et al 2022b). In addition to species identity, individual trees' size, location, and age can also influence fungal communities (Nguyen et al 2016b;Rudawska et al 2018;Wasyliw and Karst 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-diameter trees and deadwood correspond with belowground ectomycorrhizal fungal richness

et al. 2023

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Background Large-diameter trees have an outsized influence on aboveground forest dynamics, composition, and structure. Although their influence on aboveground processes is well studied, their role in shaping belowground fungal communities is largely unknown. We sought to test if (i) fungal community spatial structure matched aboveground forest structure; (ii) fungal functional guilds exhibited differential associations to aboveground trees, snags, and deadwood; and (iii) that large-diameter trees and snags have a larger influence on fungal community richness than smaller-diameter trees. We used MiSeq sequencing of fungal communities collected from soils in a spatially intensive survey in a portion of Cedar Breaks National Monument, Utah, USA. We used random forest models to explore the spatial structure of fungal communities as they relate to explicitly mapped trees and deadwood distributed across 1.15 ha of a 15.32-ha mapped subalpine forest. Results We found 6,177 fungal amplicon sequence variants across 117 sequenced samples. Tree diameter, deadwood presence, and tree species identity explained more than twice as much variation (38.7% vs. 10.4%) for ectomycorrhizal composition and diversity than for the total or saprotrophic fungal communities. Species identity and distance to the nearest large-diameter tree (≥ 40.2 cm) were better predictors of fungal richness than were the identity and distance to the nearest tree. Soil nutrients, topography, and tree species differentially influenced the composition and diversity of each fungal guild. Locally rare tree species had an outsized influence on fungal community richness. Conclusions These results highlight that fungal guilds are differentially associated with the location, size, and species of aboveground trees. Large-diameter trees are implicated as drivers of belowground fungal diversity, particularly for ectomycorrhizal fungi.

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Section: Fungal Guilds and Forest Neighbors: Unique Spatial Patterns ...supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Fungi and Old Trees: Who Selects Whom?mentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Large-diameter trees and deadwood correspond with belowground ectomycorrhizal fungal richness

et al. 2023

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“…For example, as global temperatures continue to rise, these trees are shifting to early spring long shoots, which may render them more susceptible to damage from growing season frosts. Among these trees, Populus tremuloides stands out as a particularly vulnerable species, as it is known to suffer from defoliation of entire canopies and damage to woody tissue caused by growing season frosts (Birch et al, 2023). The rise in daily minimum temperatures resulting from global warming will extend the FFPs, prolonging the crop‐growing period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Change and attribution of frost days and frost‐free periods in China

Zhu,

Yan

2023

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Frost events are a climatic phenomenon of great severity, exerting profound impacts on agricultural production and human endeavours. From 1961 to 2017, China experienced a reduction in frost days (FDs) and elongation of frost‐free periods (FFPs) across most regions. Many factors contribute to the variation of frost events, highlighting the urgent need to scrutinize the intrinsic factors driving these climatic frost events' inter‐annual and interdecadal fluctuations. This work analysed the temporal and spatial attributes of FDs and FFPs, using statistical methods to dissect daily minimum temperature data collected from ground observation stations from 1961 to 2017. The results reveal a declining trajectory in annual FDs and an ascending trend in FFPs. However, the interannual and interdecadal variations do not consistently align with the climatological course. The spatial distribution of the first four modes of EOF exhibits a persistent variation, north–south, monopole and east–west pattern for FDs and FFPs. In comparison, the modes of FFPs exhibit many complexities and diversities. Moreover, this study considers geographical location, altitude and proximity to the ocean, as well as atmospheric circulation factors, including circulation indices, ocean indices and other relevant indices, to elucidate their influence on frost events. In conjunction with the role of greenhouse gases in propelling global warming, we elucidate that the intensity of the Atlantic–European polar vortex, the area of the Indian Ocean warm pool, and the spatial positioning and extent of the subtropical high emerge as preeminent internal oscillations instigating interdecadal shifts in frost events. This study provides valuable scientific insights into the formation mechanisms and evolving patterns of frost events.

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Spruce up your climate analysis: Dendroclimatology of Picea engelmannii and Picea pungens

Birch,

DeRose,

Lutz

2024

Ecosphere

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Warming and more variable climates threaten to upend historical tree ranges, climatic sensitivity, and vigor. In western North America, the species Picea engelmannii var. engelmannii Parry ex Engelmann (Engelmann spruce) and Picea pungens Engelmann (Colorado blue spruce) are widespread spruce that act as foundational species in their montane to subalpine habitats. However, there is currently a lack of knowledge on P. pungens climatic responses, and how it differs from P. engelmannii. To address this gap, we assessed the climatic sensitivity and correlates of tree growth in a co‐occurring old‐growth stand of P. engelmannii and P. pungens, at high elevation in southern Utah, USA. We report the putative oldest cross‐dated P. pungens, with 457 rings, and sampled multiple P. pungens >400 years old. Both Picea populations had strongly positive growth responses to May–July precipitation and negative responses to maximum May–July temperature. Notably, October in the previous year had the strongest correlation with growth for both Picea species. Neither population exhibited signs of directional changes in climate–growth responses. Spectral analysis identified peaks associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation at 3–4 years and quasi‐decadal oscillations (18–20 years) in both species. Cumulatively, our results highlight the growth–climate relationships of two frequently understudied subalpine tree species. In particular, P. pungens may warrant further study across its range and identification of other ancient populations.

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Frost-Associated Defoliation in Populus tremuloides Causes Repeated Growth Reductions Over 185 years

Cited by 7 publications

References 79 publications

Large-diameter trees and deadwood correspond with belowground ectomycorrhizal fungal richness

Large-diameter trees and deadwood correspond with belowground ectomycorrhizal fungal richness

Change and attribution of frost days and frost‐free periods in China

Spruce up your climate analysis: Dendroclimatology of Picea engelmannii and Picea pungens

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