Frost avoidance and freezing tolerance in Afroalpine 'giant rosette' plants

Beck, Erwin; Senser, Margot; Scheibe, Renate; Steiger, Hans-Martin; Pongratz, Paul

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1982.tb00913.x

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There are adaptations allowing protection of growing structures in giant Andean, Afroalpine and Hawaiian rosettes (Beck et al 1982(Beck et al , 1984Goldstein et al 1985;Rada et al 1985a;Melcher et al 1994), but in many other life forms, including grasses, tolerance arises as the convenient strategy to confront the thermal constraint present on tropical high mountains. This opposes Hedberg's (1964) statement that both the bunch arrangement of almost all páramo grasses and the aboveground dead leaves serve as cold isolation morphological strategies, a clear avoidance mechanism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Freezing after a marked supercooling is far more likely to be fatal than the gradual freezing that occurs when there is no supercooling (Levitt 1972), favoring tolerance in grasses as a mechanism. As a consequence, avoidance of supercooling seems to be a prerequisite to prevent plasma dehydration (Beck et al 1982). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There seems to be a close relationship between plant height and life form: taller plants, including rosettes, display predominantly avoidance mechanisms, while smaller ones exhibit tolerance (Squeo et al 1991(Squeo et al , 1996. However, Afroalpine (Beck et al 1982(Beck et al , 1984 and Hawaiian giant rosettes (Melcher et al 1994), present freezing tolerance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Freezing tolerance in grasses along an altitudinal gradient in the Venezuelan Andes

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The tropical high Andes experience greater daily temperature oscillations compared to seasonal ones as well as a high frequency of night frost occurrence year round. Survival of organisms, under such environmental conditions, has been determined by selective forces which have evolved into adaptations including avoidance or tolerance to freezing. These adaptations have been studied in diVerent species of trees, shrubs and perennial herbs in páramo ecosystems, while they have not been considered in grasses, an important family of the páramo. In order to understand survival of Poaceae, resistance mechanisms were determined. The study was performed along an altitudinal gradient (2,500-4,200 m a.s.l.) in the páramo. Supercooling capacity and frost injury temperature were determined in nine species in order to establish cold resistance mechanisms. Grasses registered a very low supercooling capacity along the altitudinal gradient, with ice formation between ¡6 and ¡3°C. On the other hand, frost injury temperature oscillated between ¡18 and ¡7°C. Our results suggest that grasses exhibit freezing tolerance as their main cold resistance mechanism. Since grasses grow at ground level, where greatest heat loss takes place, tolerance may be related to this life form as reported for other small life forms.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Freezing tolerance in grasses along an altitudinal gradient in the Venezuelan Andes

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Seasonality Of Freezing Tolerance In the Cold Climate Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High levels of freezing tolerance in trees and shrubs can only occur during winter dormancy (Tumanov, 1979;Sakai and Larcher, 1987). However, herbaceous plants, spring geophytes and high mountain plants in particular, can tolerate -6 to -12 °C while growing (Tyurina, 1957;Beck et al, 1982;Taschler and Neuner, 2004).Seasonal cold acclimation involves a sequence of processes in which each stage is a prerequisite for the next (Table 4). Onset of hardening is induced by short days and lower temperatures of slightly above zero for several days to weeks (Moschkov, 1935;Tumanov et al, 1965;Biebl, 1967;Weiser, 1970; Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic Constraints Drive the Evolution of Low Temperature Resistance in Woody Plants

Larcher

2005

J. Agric. Meteorol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cold and frost are stress factors of widespread occurrence for plants. They damage woody plants due to chilling temperatures in the tropics, by freezing sensitive plants in regions with episodic frosts and temperatures down to -10 °C, and by freezing of even tolerant plants in regions with cold winters below -10 and -40 °C. The wide range of frost resistances in plants from different climatic zones indicates that the ability to become hardened to freezing has evolved in a stepwise process. There are opinions how an evolutionary acquisition of freezing tolerance could have taken place in the following way: First there is a differentiation of better adapted ecotypes and in the long term a series of functional plant groups develop along climatic gradients. Frequent climatic stress and climatic changes stimulate the selection of new genotypes resistant to climatic extremes. Furthermore, plants exposed to multiple stress factors in their habitat acquire a general cross tolerance to climatic constraints.The objective of this review is the understanding of low temperature resistance in woody plants, e.g. stabilization of biomembranes by lipid composition, deep supercooling, and ability to become freezing tolerant during winter dormancy. An over a hundred year long history of investigating frost stress and survival of different plant species has brought about an important understanding of basic processes. Recently antifreeze proteins which slow the freezing processes, and proteins, which protect the protoplasm against low temperature, frost and dehydration have been discovered. Findings that help to explain the mechanisms for coping with low temperature will be applicable to agriculture, horticulture, forestry and bioclimatology. The objective of this review is the understanding of basic processes of low temperature stress and the evolutionary adaptation of resistance in woody plants. 'Adaptation' is the response of plants to changing environmental conditions; it may be transitory (phenotypic) or permanent (genotypic). 'Evolutionary adaptation' is used here in the sense of genetically determined.The first descriptive investigations of frost damage and freezing resistance in different plant species were carried out very early e.g., Sachs (1860), Müller Thurgau (1886), Molisch (1897). From the middle of the last century onwards intensive analytical investigations of cytological, biophysical and biochemical mechanisms were made on plant organs and tissues (e.g., Asahina, 1956;Heber, 1968;Siminovitch et al., 1968; Krasavtsev, 1972;Burke et al., 1976), and general conclusions were drawn from these results (e.g., Levitt, 1980; Tumanov, 1979). Recently our knowledge of low temperature stress and frost resistance has been advanced due to molecular biological methods. Nowadays certain polypeptides and proteins which trigger controlled freezing and which protect the protoplasm against low temperature, frost and dehydration are known. All findings that help to explain mechanisms for coping with low temperature will have ...

show abstract

Temperature-induced phase shifting of circadian rhythms in cotton seedlings as related to variations in chilling resistance

Rikin

1991

Planta

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The relationship between the degree of chilling resistance and phase shifting caused by low-temperature pulses was examined in two circadian rhythms in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. cv. Deltapine 50) seedlings grown under light-dark cycles of 12∶12 h at 33° C. The seedlings showed a circadian rhythm of chilling resistance and of cotyledon movement. A pulse of 19° C for 12 h during the chilling-sensitive phase (light period) caused a phase delay of 6 h, while a similar temperature pulse during the chilling-resistant phase (dark period) did not cause any phase shift. Exposure to 19° C, 85% RH (relative humidity) for 12 h during the dark period induced chilling resistance in the following otherwise chilling-sensitive light period. In this light period a 12-h 19° C pulse did not cause a phase shift of chilling resistance. Pulses of low temperatures (5-19° C) were more effective in causing phase delays in the rhythm of cotyledon movement when given during the chilling-sensitive phase than when given during the chilling-resistant phase. A 12-h pulse of 5° C, 100% RH during the light period caused a phase delay of cotyledon movement of 12 h. However, when that pulse had been preceded by a chill-acclimating exposure to 19° C, 85% RH for 12 h during the dark period the phase delay was shortened to 6 h. The correlation between higher degree of chilling resistance and the prevention or shortening of the phase delay caused by low temperatures indicates that the mechanism that increases chilling resistance directly or indirectly confers greater ability for prevention of phase shifting by low temperatures in circadian rhythms.

show abstract

Frost avoidance and freezing tolerance in Afroalpine 'giant rosette' plants

Cited by 16 publications

References 13 publications

Freezing tolerance in grasses along an altitudinal gradient in the Venezuelan Andes

Freezing tolerance in grasses along an altitudinal gradient in the Venezuelan Andes

Climatic Constraints Drive the Evolution of Low Temperature Resistance in Woody Plants

Temperature-induced phase shifting of circadian rhythms in cotton seedlings as related to variations in chilling resistance

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About