Frost, Drought, and Heat Resistance

Levitt, J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-5463-2_1

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…Therefore, a rapid decrease in air temperature (6.3 K h 21 on average) led to fast freezing events. In the morning, the temperature increased at an even faster rate (8.1 K h 21 on average), and thus temperature changes were overall faster than generally reported (;5 K h 21 ; Levitt, 1980;Sakai and Larcher, 1987). During the monitored period, the fastest rates of temperature change were similar for cooling (214.5 K h 21 ; April 7, 2015) and warming (+15.8 K h 21 ; March 7, 2012).…”

mentioning

confidence: 76%

Monitoring of Freezing Dynamics in Trees: A Simple Phase Shift Causes Complexity

Charrier

Nolf²,

Leitinger³

et al. 2017

Plant Physiol.

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(S.M.).During winter, trees have to cope with harsh conditions, including extreme freeze-thaw stress. This study focused on ice nucleation and propagation, related water shifts and xylem cavitation, as well as cell damage and was based on in situ monitoring of xylem (thermocouples) and surface temperatures (infrared imaging), ultrasonic emissions, and dendrometer analysis. Field experiments during late winter on Picea abies growing at the alpine timberline revealed three distinct freezing patterns: (1) from the top of the tree toward the base, (2) from thin branches toward the main stem's top and base, and (3) from the base toward the top. Infrared imaging showed freezing within branches from their base toward distal parts. Such complex freezing causes dynamic and heterogenous patterns in water potential and probably in cavitation. This study highlights the interaction between environmental conditions upon freezing and thawing and demonstrates the enormous complexity of freezing processes in trees. Diameter shrinkage, which indicated water fluxes within the stem, and acoustic emission analysis, which indicated cavitation events near the ice front upon freezing, were both related to minimum temperature and, upon thawing, related to vapor pressure deficit and soil temperature. These complex patterns, emphasizing the common mechanisms between frost and drought stress, shed new light on winter tree physiology.

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mentioning

confidence: 76%

Monitoring of Freezing Dynamics in Trees: A Simple Phase Shift Causes Complexity

Charrier

Nolf²,

Leitinger³

et al. 2017

Plant Physiol.

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“…Daun tanaman yang tumbuh pada lingkungan kering dengan intensitas cahaya tinggi cenderung memiliki stomata yang banyak dan sebaliknya (Miskin et al, 1972). Kerapatan stomata sangat mempengaruhi dua proses fisiologi penting pada tanaman yaitu fotosintesis dan transfirasi (Levit, 1951).…”

Section: Kerapatan Dan Indeks Stomataunclassified

Karakterisasi Morfologi Daun dan Anatomi Stomata pada Beberapa Species Tanaman Jeruk (<i>Citrus</i> sp)

Tuasamu

2018

Agrikan: J. Agro. Fish.

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Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplorasi yang dilakukan di Negeri Liang Kec. Salahutu pada bulan Maret hingga April 2017. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfologi daun dan karakteristik anatomi stomata pada beberapa species tanaman jeruk (Citrus sp). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, karakteristik morfologi daun pada ke-4 spesies tanaman jeruk yaitu Jeruk manis (Citrus sinensis), Jeruk nipis (Citrus aurentifolia), Jeruk purut (Citrus hystrix D.C.) dan Jeruk cui (Citrus microcarpa) memiliki perbedaan yang tampak jelas baik pada warna daun, bentuk daun, permukaan daun, tepi daun (jumlah gerigi) serta ukuran panjang dan lebar daun. Sebaliknya karakteristik anatomi stomata dan sel epidermis pada ke-4 species terutama pada permukaan daun bagian bawah (abaxial) memiliki kesamaan. Bentuk sel epidermis daun dari ke-4 spesies terdiri atas selapis sel dengan bentuk yang bervariasi antara satu sel dengan sel lainnya, demikian pula pada tipe stomatanya. Tipe stomata pada ke-4 species tanaman jeruk adalah tipe parasitik yaitu setiap sel penjaga bergabung dengan satu atau lebih sel tetangga dengan sumbu membujurnya sejajar dengan sumbu sel penjaga dan apertur. Sebaliknya kesamaan bentuk sel epidermis dan tipe stomata berbeda dengan hasil analisis kerapatan dan indeks stomata pada ke-4 spesies tanaman jeruk. Kerapatan dan indeks stomata pada ke-4 spesies tanaman jeruk berbeda nyata antar species bedasarkan hasil uji statistik. Karakteristik anataomi dari bentuk sel epidermis dan tipe stomata inilah yang kemungkinan digunakan dalam sistem taksonomi untuk mengelompokan berbagai species tanaman jeruk dalam takson yang sama..

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“…The preoccupation of much of the literature on the freezing of plant tissue with rates of cooling seems to be misleading. Due to the large size of the pieces of tissue used in the present experiments, the rates of cooling were never more than extremely slow according to the terminology suggested by Levitt (1958). In fact, after deep supercooling, intracellular freezing occurred even though the temperature was rising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…There is a vast literature dealing with the freezing of plant tissue which has been extensively reviewed by Levitt (1941Levitt ( , 1958. This literature is mostly concerned with the nature of frost injury.…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Freezing of Plant Tissue

Marshall¹

1961

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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A theory of the freezing process of the tissue of pear fruit is presented, based on the cell permeability theory and on the thermodynamics of moisture in porous media. According to this theory the nature of the temperature v. time curve during freezing is determined by the speed of advance of the ice front into the tissue. Curves for freezing and thawing calculated from the theory are compared wit,h experimental curves.

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Frost, Drought, and Heat Resistance

Cited by 40 publications

References 100 publications

Monitoring of Freezing Dynamics in Trees: A Simple Phase Shift Causes Complexity

Monitoring of Freezing Dynamics in Trees: A Simple Phase Shift Causes Complexity

Karakterisasi Morfologi Daun dan Anatomi Stomata pada Beberapa Species Tanaman Jeruk (<i>Citrus</i> sp)

The Freezing of Plant Tissue

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