“Frozen in Time”: The Impact of Native American Media Representations on Identity and Self‐Understanding

Leavitt, Peter A.; Covarrubias, Rebecca; Perez, Yvonne A.; Fryberg, Stephanie A.

doi:10.1111/josi.12095

Cited by 133 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Furthermore, adults discussed how one could become “trapped” by buying into negative stereotypes or accepting that the victimization experienced by AI/AN populations made life hopeless. Given portrayals of AI/ANs in the media (Leavitt, Covarrubias, Perez, & Fryberg, 2015), this is perhaps not a surprising finding. However, respondents also suggested pathways to combat these challenges, emphasizing that this cultural history could be re-framed in positive ways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Cultural Identity Among Urban American Indian/Alaska Native Youth: Implications for Alcohol and Drug Use

Brown

Dickerson²,

D’Amico

2016

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American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) youth exhibit high rates of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use, which is often linked to the social and cultural upheaval experienced by AI/ANs during the colonization of North America. Urban AI/AN youth may face unique challenges, including increased acculturative stress due to lower concentrations of AI/AN populations in urban areas. Few existing studies have explored cultural identity among urban AI/AN youth and its association with AOD use. Objectives This study used systematic qualitative methods with AI/AN communities in two urban areas within California to shed light on how urban AI/AN youth construct cultural identity and how this relates to AOD use and risk behaviors. Methods We conducted 10 focus groups with a total of 70 youth, parents, providers, and Community Advisory Board members and used team-based structured thematic analysis in the Dedoose software platform. Results We identified 12 themes: intergenerational stressors, cultural disconnection, AI/AN identity as protective, pan-tribal identity, mixed racial-ethnic identity, rural vs. urban environments, the importance of AI/AN institutions, stereotypes and harassment, cultural pride, developmental trajectories, risks of being AI/AN, and mainstream culture clash. Overall, youth voiced curiosity about their AI/AN roots and expressed interest in deepening their involvement in cultural activities. Adults described the myriad ways in which involvement in cultural activities provides therapeutic benefits for AI/AN youth. Conclusions Interventions that provide urban AI/AN youth with an opportunity to engage in cultural activities and connect with positive and healthy constructs in AI/AN culture may provide added impact to existing interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Cultural Identity Among Urban American Indian/Alaska Native Youth: Implications for Alcohol and Drug Use

Brown

Dickerson²,

D’Amico

2016

Prev Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For example, studies have shown that parental communication (i.e., racial/ethnic socialization) is associated with stronger ethnic identity and self-esteem (Hughes et al, 2006; Hughes, Witherspoon, Rivas-Drake, & West-Bey, 2009; Peck, Brodish, Malanchuk, Banerjee, & Eccles, 2014), which may in turn lower risk for drug use (Szapocznik et al, 2007). Additional attention can also be placed on gaining a better understanding of the messages regarding ethnic identity through the media (Adams-Bass, Stevenson, & Kotzin, 2014; Leavitt, Covarrubias, & Perez, 2015; Martin, 2008), and its impact on drug use and health outcomes. Religiosity may serve as an important contextual factor that may both mediate and moderate the effect of ethnic identity on drug attitudes, as researchers have documented that youth with closer cultural ties to a religion that frowns upon drug use, report more harmful views of drug use (Ford & Hill, 2012) and less drug use (Ford & Hill, 2012; Kelly, Polanin, Jang & Johnson, 2015; Wallace et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Protective Effect of Ethnic Identity on Drug Attitudes and Use Among a Diverse Youth Population

Zapolski

Banks

Hensel

et al. 2016

J Youth Adolescence

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Ethnic identity is an important buffer against drug use among minority youth. However, limited work has examined pathways through which ethnic identity mitigates risk. School-aged youth (N= 34,708; 52% female) of diverse backgrounds (i.e., African American (n=5333), Asian (n=392), Hispanic (n=662), Multiracial (n=2129), Native American (n=474) and White (n=25718) in grades 4–12 provided data on ethnic identity, drug attitudes, and drug use. After controlling for gender and grade, higher ethnic identity was associated with lower past month drug use for African American, Hispanic, and Multiracial youth. Conversely, high ethnic identity was associated with increased risk for White youth. An indirect pathway between ethnic identity, drug attitudes, and drug use was also found for African American, Hispanic, and Asian youth. Among White youth the path model was also significant, but in the opposite direction. These findings confirm the importance of ethnic identity for most minority youth. Further research is needed to better understand the association between ethnic identity and drug use for Multiracial and Hispanic youth, best ways to facilitate healthy ethnic identity development for minority youth, and how to moderate the risk of identity development for White youth.

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“…Although most research on social identity threat focuses on situations where individuals are evaluated based on stereotypes about their group, observations of others confirming negative stereotypes can also cue vicarious social identity threat (e.g., Cohen & Garcia, ; Davies, Spencer, Quinn, & Gerhardstein, ). For example, even brief exposure to stereotypic Native American sports mascots can temporarily lower self‐esteem among Native American students (Fryberg, Markus, Oyerserman, & Stone, ), and the absence of Native Americans in the media can limit the aspirations of Native American children (Leavitt, Covarrubias, Perez, & Fryberg, ). Such research hints at how the media can cue social identity threat for members of stigmatized ethnic groups.…”

Section: Social Identity Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Identity Threat in Response to Stereotypic Film Portrayals: Effects on Self‐Conscious Emotion and Implicit Ingroup Attitudes

Schmader

Block

Lickel³

2015

Journal of Social Issues

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Disadvantaged ethnic groups are often portrayed stereotypically in film, but little is known about how such portrayals affect members of those groups. Two experiments examined the affective and attitudinal reactions of Mexican and European Americans to stereotypic film clips of Latinos. Results of Study 1 revealed that stereotypic films cue negative affect among Mexican Americans, regardless of the realism of the portrayals. In Study 2, both Mexican and European Americans felt more self‐conscious when another ingroup member openly laughed at negative Latino stereotypes in a comedy. Across both studies, the importance of ethnic identity exacerbated negative reactions to stereotypic clips and predicted somewhat more negative implicit group attitudes among Mexican Americans. In contrast, group pride mitigated affective costs and predicted greater enjoyment of stereotypical film clips among European Americans. The implications for the role of mass media in creating social identity threat for disadvantaged ethnic groups are discussed.

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“Frozen in Time”: The Impact of Native American Media Representations on Identity and Self‐Understanding

Cited by 133 publications

References 46 publications

Cultural Identity Among Urban American Indian/Alaska Native Youth: Implications for Alcohol and Drug Use

Cultural Identity Among Urban American Indian/Alaska Native Youth: Implications for Alcohol and Drug Use

Examining the Protective Effect of Ethnic Identity on Drug Attitudes and Use Among a Diverse Youth Population

Social Identity Threat in Response to Stereotypic Film Portrayals: Effects on Self‐Conscious Emotion and Implicit Ingroup Attitudes

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