“…38,57,59 Primary adhesive capsulitis affects from 2% to 3% of the general population and is the main cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction in individuals aged 40 to 70 years. 38 Shaffer et al 57 found that neither pain nor motion restriction seen with primary adhesive capsulitis was related to age, menopause, hand dominance, affected side, nature of onset, duration of symptoms, or associated medical t MethOdS and MeaSureS: Twenty consecutive subjects with a primary diagnosis of shoulder adhesive capsulitis and exhibiting a specific external rotation ROM deficit were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. All subjects received 6 therapy sessions consisting of application of therapeutic ultrasound, joint mobilization, and upper-body ergometer exercise.…”