FRP Poles: A State-of-the-Art-Review of Manufacturing, Testing, and Modeling

Abstract

Fiber-reinforced polymers poles were on the increase because they were lightweight, have high strength-to-weight ratios, provide corrosion resistance, can be customized to meet strength and deflection requirements, and have a low life-cycle cost of construction and maintenance. This research presents a comprehensive review of all significant research and existing case studies to review the present knowledge concerning fiber-reinforced polymers poles. The main summary covers 70 works focusing on fiber poles to summarize recent activities on selected relevant topics and highlight possible future implementations. In this context, this study discusses fiber-reinforced polymers poles in six aspects: (i) introduction; (ii) methodology; (iii) Materials properties of FRP poles; (iv) manufacturing techniques of FRP poles; (v) testing of FRP poles (static and dynamic flexure test as cantilever beam); (vi) modeling of FRP poles. Therefore, this critical review will demonstrate an overview of FRP Poles manufacturing techniques (Pultrusion, filament winding, centrifugal process, and hand lay-up) and which Pultrusion technique is the best suited for FRP Poles. Static modeling was the most used of other techniques.

Measuring and Rigidity Moduli of GFRP Experimentally

“…Next, the pole was vertically loaded 600 mm from the second end using a winch and steel rope. Mechanical transducers were employed to measure the deflection of the FRP pole, and manual controls were used to control the load in the testing device [1,11].…”

“…Transmission networks and electric poles are two examples of crucial infrastructure. FRP has several advantages over materials like steel and aluminum, making it a good choice for transmission and distribution poles, towers, H-frames, and light poles [1]. GFRP has several advantages over conventional steel for meteorological towers, including a high strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance [2].…”

“…The product usually needs finishing touches, such as cutting the bottom and upper parts and opening the maintenance door, before it is ready for use and doesn't need to be treated. This step is finished with a cutting saw made particularly for these pieces, as shown in Figure 1 [1,10].…”

Numerical Investigation into the Strengthening of Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Composite Columns Using Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers

“…Additionally, various other fibers, such as aramid, boron, basalt, and natural materials like kenaf or flax, have demonstrated potential for reinforcing structural elements [12][13][14]. FRP composites boast a high strength-to-weight ratio, exceptional corrosion resistance, and ease of on-site handling due to their lightweight nature and the adhesive bonding technique [15][16][17]. These advantageous characteristics have propelled the adoption of FRP composites in civil engineering, leading to the emergence of various commercial FRP products for construction purposes.…”

Development of a Novel Lightweight Utility Pole Using a New Hybrid Reinforced Composite—Part 1: Fabrication and Experimental Investigation

“…Glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRPs), widely used in various industries, are chosen for FRP utility poles due to their cost-effectiveness compared to other FRP types [4]. GFRPs' initial application dates back to the early 1940s in marine boats [5].…”