Fructan and cryoprotection in ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.)

Gonzalez, B.; Boucaud, J.; Salette, J.; Langlois, J.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00458.x

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, it has been pointed out that the role of fructans in cold acclimation remains an open question since its accumulation seems to be a result of sucrose accumulation rather than the low temperature per se (Tognetti et al 1990). Another major aspect of concern is that the accumulation of low DP fructans in cold‐acclimated plants is not sufficient to result in a significant depression of freezing point and therefore cannot be considered as efficient cryoprotectants (Gonzales et al 1990). However, it has to be considered that cryoprotection is more complex and other non‐colligative properties; for example, direct interactions of cryoprotectants with membranes or proteins contribute to survival at low temperatures (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal dynamics of non‐structural carbohydrates in bulbs and shoots of the geophyte Galanthus nivalis

Orthen

Wehrmeyer

2004

Physiologia Plantarum

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Seasonal dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates were studied in Galanthus nivalis L. over a 2-year period. The plants were collected in the field and separated into above- and below-ground biomass. The polysaccharide fraction of the bulbs consisted of fructans and starch. Seasonal variations suggest that the polysaccharides were utilized for carbon and energy supply for re-growth and flower development. With the re-sprouting of the bulbs in autumn the fructans within the bulbs were depolymerized and an increase of low degree of polymerization fructans as well as sucrose was observable. Within shoots the major polysaccharides were fructans, the starch content was much lower. Gas liquid chromatography and high-performance, anion-exchange chromatographyanalysis of the fructan fraction revealed that the fructans within the shoots were predominantly those with a low degree of polymerization. In addition to the two polysaccharides the other dominant sugar in shoots was sucrose. During the period of slow re-growth and flowering, fructan and starch pools were depleted to different degrees. Calculation of the difference between the carbohydrate content at the start of visible growth and at the time of lowest content revealed that the starch pool showed a higher depletion than the fructan pool. During the re-growth periods in 1996/97 and 1997/98 fructans were catabolized by 39 and 32% only, whereas the starch pool was depleted by 92% (1996/97) and 79% (1997/98), respectively. During rapid shoot growth and fruiting, the bulbs and above-ground organs appeared to be competing sinks for the photosynthetically fixed carbon. Refilling of the bulbs carbohydrate reserve started in February/March In shoots, the period of refilling the bulbs was characterized by a low content of oligosaccarides and a high content of hexoses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal dynamics of non‐structural carbohydrates in bulbs and shoots of the geophyte Galanthus nivalis

Orthen

Wehrmeyer

2004

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Certainly, it seems that the partitioning of sugars in perennial ryegrass is affected by rainfall and drought (Thomas and James, 1999), which could be part of the environmental interaction, as well as other factors such as latitude and day length. Seasonal changes also affect the composition of sugars in ryegrass (Gonzalez et al, 1990). Although the Miller et al (2001b) trial observed an increase in grass DM digestibility with high-WSC grass, other trials did not.…”

Section: High-wsc Grassmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of high-sugar grasses on methane emissions simulated using a dynamic model

Ellis

Dijkstra

Parsons

et al. 2012

Journal of Dairy Science

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High-sugar grass varieties have received considerable attention for their potential ability to decrease N excretion in cattle. However, feeding high-sugar grasses alters the pattern of rumen fermentation, and no in vivo studies to date have examined this strategy with respect to another environmental pollutant: methane (CH(4)). Modeling allows us to examine potential outcomes of feeding strategies under controlled conditions, and can provide a useful framework for the development of future experiments. The purpose of the present study was to use a modeling approach to evaluate the effect of high-sugar grasses on simulated CH(4) emissions in dairy cattle. An extant dynamic, mechanistic model of enteric fermentation and intestinal digestion was used for this evaluation. A simulation database was constructed and analysis of model behavior was undertaken to simulate the effect of (1) level of water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) increase in dietary dry matter, (2) change in crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content of the plant with an increased WSC content, (3) level of N fertilization, and (4) presence or absence of grain feeding. Simulated CH(4) emissions tended to increase with increased WSC content when CH(4) was expressed as megajoules per day or percent of gross energy intake, but when CH(4) was expressed in terms of grams per kilogram of milk, results were much more variable due to the potential increase in milk yield. As a result, under certain conditions, CH(4) (g/kg of milk) decreased. The largest increases in CH(4) emissions (MJ/d or % gross energy intake) were generally seen when WSC increased at the expense of CP in the diet and this can largely be explained by the representation in the model of the type of volatile fatty acid produced. Effects were lower when WSC increased at the expense of NDF, and intermediary when WSC increased at the expense of a mixture of CP and NDF. When WSC increased at the expense of NDF, simulated milk yield increased and, therefore, CH(4) (g/kg of milk) tended to decrease. Diminished increases of CH(4) (% gross energy intake or g/kg of milk) were simulated when DMI was increased with elevated WSC content. Simulation results suggest that high WSC grass, as a strategy to mitigate N emission, may increase CH(4) emissions, but that results depend on the grass composition, DMI, and the units chosen to express CH(4). Overall, this project demonstrates the usefulness of modeling for hypothesis testing in the absence of observed experimental results.

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“…Freezing temperatures during spring growth may rupture plant cell walls and damage meristematic tissue (Pearce and McDonald 1978). Fructans that provide chill tolerance decrease dramatically in spring when plants are developing stem structure (Gonzalez et al 1990). Therefore, grass plants in a rapid growth phase would be more susceptible to freezing temperatures (Humphreys and Eagles 1988).…”

Section: Climatic Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Weather Data to Explain Herbage Yield on Three Great Plains Plant Communities

Smart

Dunn

Johnson

et al. 2007

Rangeland Ecology & Management

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Understanding the drivers that account for plant production allows for a better understanding of plant communities and the transitions within ecological sites and can assist managers in making informed decisions about stocking rates and timing of grazing. We compared climatic drivers of herbage production for 3 plant communities of the Clayey ecological site in southwestern South Dakota: the midgrass community dominated by western wheatgrass (Pascopyrum smithii [Rybd.] A. Love); the mixed-grass community codominated by western wheatgrass, blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis [H.B.K.] Lag. Ex Griffiths), and buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides [Nutt.] Engelm.); and the shortgrass community dominated by blue grama and buffalograss. We used herbage yield and weather data for the period 1945-1960 collected at the South Dakota State University Range and Livestock Research Station near Cottonwood, South Dakota, to develop stepwise regression models for each plant community. Midgrass herbage production was best predicted by current-year spring (April-June) precipitation, number of calendar days until the last spring day with minimum temperature À18C, and previous-year spring precipitation (R 2 ¼ 0.81). Mixed-grass herbage production was best predicted by current-year spring precipitation and days until the last spring freeze (R 2 ¼ 0.69). Shortgrass herbage production was best predicted by current-year spring precipitation (R 2 ¼ 0.52). Midgrass plant communities were, overall, 650 kg ha À1 (SE ¼ 92 kg ha À1) more productive (P , 0.01) than mixed-or shortgrass plant communities given the same climatic inputs. Our study enables managers to make timely informed decisions regarding stocking rates and timing of grazing on this ecological site in western South Dakota. Resumen Entender los factores que participan en la producció n vegetal permite una mejor comprensió n de las comunidades vegetales y las transiciones dentro de los sitios ecoló gicos y puede ayudar a los manejadores de pastizales a tomar decisiones fundamentadas respecto a la carga animal y época de apacentamiento. Comparamos factores climá ticos que influyen en la producció n de forraje de 3 comunidades vegetales del sitio ecoló gico Arcilloso en el suroeste de South Dakota: la comunidad de zacates medios, dominada por ''western wheatgrass'' (Pascopyrum smithii [Rybd.] A. Love); la comunidad de zacates mixtos co-dominada por ''western wheatgrass,'' ''blue grama'' (Bouteloua gracilis [H.B.K.] Lag. Ex Griffiths), y ''buffalograss'' (Buchloe dactyloides [Nutt.] Engelm.); y la comunidad de zacates cortos dominada por ''blue grama'' y ''buffalograss.'' Utilizamos datos climá ticos y de producció n de forraje del periodo 1945-1960 colectados en la Estació n

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Fructan and cryoprotection in ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Seasonal dynamics of non‐structural carbohydrates in bulbs and shoots of the geophyte Galanthus nivalis

Seasonal dynamics of non‐structural carbohydrates in bulbs and shoots of the geophyte Galanthus nivalis

Effect of high-sugar grasses on methane emissions simulated using a dynamic model

Using Weather Data to Explain Herbage Yield on Three Great Plains Plant Communities

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