Fructose Consumption in the Development of Obesity and the Effects of Different Protocols of Physical Exercise on the Hepatic Metabolism

Abstract

Fructose consumption has been growing exponentially and, concomitant with this, the increase in the incidence of obesity and associated complications has followed the same behavior. Studies indicate that fructose may be a carbohydrate with greater obesogenic potential than other sugars. In this context, the liver seems to be a key organ for understanding the deleterious health effects promoted by fructose consumption. Fructose promotes complications in glucose metabolism, accumulation of triacylglycerol in the hepatocytes, and alterations in the lipid profile, which, associated with an inflammatory response and alterations in the redox state, will imply a systemic picture of insulin resistance. However, physical exercise has been indicated for the treatment of several chronic diseases. In this review, we show how each exercise protocol (aerobic, strength, or a combination of both) promote improvements in the obesogenic state created by fructose consumption as an improvement in the serum and liver lipid profile (high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increase and decrease triglyceride (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels) and a reduction of markers of inflammation caused by an excess of fructose. Therefore, it is concluded that the practice of aerobic physical exercise, strength training, or a combination of both is essential for attenuating the complications developed by the consumption of fructose.

Antrodan Alleviates High-Fat and High-Fructose Diet-Induced Fatty Liver Disease in C57BL/6 Mice Model via AMPK/Sirt1/SREBP-1c/PPARγ Pathway

“…On the other hand, high fructose consumption (HFC) leads to increased body weight with elevated systolic blood pressure, blood glucose, insulin, and serum triglyceride (TG) levels [7]. HFC reduces energy expenditure, thereby causing obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy, and inflammation [8]; lipid spillover further causes hepatic steatosis, peripheral insulin resistance and diabetes, raised levels of LDL and a decrease in HDL [9]. Furthermore, HFC elicits elevation of certain pro-inflammatory serum proteins [10].…”

Application of Raman spectroscopy in comparative study of antiobesity influence of oxytocin and freeze‐dried extracts of Uvariodendron anisatum Verdeck (Annonaceae) in Sprague Dawley rats

“…It is known that fructolysis (with the help of specific enzymes: fructokinase, aldolase B, and trio kinase) takes place mainly in the liver resulting in the production of other biomolecules that includes glucose (29–54%), lactate (25%), and triglycerides and glycogen (15–18%) . Consequently, increased fructolysis leads to accumulation of triglycerides (adipose tissues and intramuscular triglycerides) that are important causes of obesity in both adults and baby humans . With frustrated process of fructolysis in the treated animals (both OT and UAV treated) via a mechanism yet to be understood, fructose levels in blood are elevated as observed in Raman spectroscopic results reported here.…”

Dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibition prevents cell death via extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in rat pancreas with insulin resistance

“…Current studies have shown that consumption of fructose changes the lipid profile . Incir et al noticed an increase in serum triglyceride, TC, and LDL levels and a decrease in HDL levels in the fructose‐treated group.…”