Fruit development and ripening

Handa, Avtar K.; Tiznado-Hernández, Martín-Ernesto; Mattoo, Autar K.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-381466-1.00026-2

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…PMEs are known to be involved either in the stiffening or in the loosening of the cell wall [ 31 ]. In the case of fleshy fruits, the role of PMEs is usually associated with pectin degradation that occurs during fruit ripening [ 32 ]. That is in accordance with the observation that parenchyma cells from mealy fruit tend to easily detached from each other due to the alteration of the pectin rich middle lamina.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale investigation of mealiness in apple: an atypical role for a pectin methylesterase during fruit maturation

et al. 2014

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BackgroundApple fruit mealiness is one of the most important textural problems that results from an undesirable ripening process during storage. This phenotype is characterized by textural deterioration described as soft, grainy and dry fruit. Despite several studies, little is known about mealiness development and the associated molecular events. In this study, we integrated phenotypic, microscopic, transcriptomic and biochemical analyses to gain insights into the molecular basis of mealiness development.ResultsInstrumental texture characterization allowed the refinement of the definition of apple mealiness. In parallel, a new and simple quantitative test to assess this phenotype was developed.Six individuals with contrasting mealiness were selected among a progeny and used to perform a global transcriptome analysis during fruit development and cold storage. Potential candidate genes associated with the initiation of mealiness were identified. Amongst these, the expression profile of an early down-regulated transcript similar to an Arabidopsis thaliana pectin methylesterase gene (AtPME2) matched with mealiness development. In silico analyses of this Malus x domestica PME gene (MdPME2) confirmed its specific pattern compared with all other identified MdPME genes. Protein fusion experiments showed that MdPME2 is secreted into the apoplast in accordance with a possible activity on pectin structure. Further microscopic analysis indicated a progressive loss of cell to cell adhesion in mealy apple fruits. Biochemical analysis revealed specific modifications of pectin residues associated with mealiness, without global changes in the degree of methylesterification of pectins.ConclusionsThese data support the role of PME in cell wall remodelling during apple fruit development and ripening and suggest a local action of these enzymes. Mealiness may partially result from qualitative and spatial variations of pectin microarchitecture rather than quantitative pectin differences, and these changes may occur early in fruit development. The specific MdPME2 gene highlighted in this study could be a good early marker of texture unfavourable trait in apple.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-014-0375-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale investigation of mealiness in apple: an atypical role for a pectin methylesterase during fruit maturation

et al. 2014

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“…odorata forma genuina developed and increased in size until it was ripe. Handa et al (2012) argued that fruit development can be divided into three phases. The first phase was the development of the ovary and the initiation of the cell division, together called a fruit set.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and anatomy of the fruit and seed of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson

2019

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Abstract. Nurhayani FO, Wulandari AS, Suharsi TK. 2019. Morphology and anatomy of the fruit and seed of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson. Biodiversitas 20: 3199-3206. Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson is one of the Annonaceae family which has high benefits for humans such as constructions, furniture, cosmetics, perfumes, and traditional medicines. The planting efforts were needed to support the existence of these plants. These plants have low regeneration and germination. The morphology and anatomy of fruit and seed could enhance the understanding of the reproductive biology in the species. There is little information about the morphology and anatomy of fruit and seed of C. odorata var. odorata forma genuina. The aim of this study is to understand the morphology and anatomy of fruit and seed of C. odorata. The morphologic description was made from the analysis of the fresh fruits and seeds. The anatomical description was made from the analysis of permanent slides with longitudinal sections of the fruits and seeds. The samples were fixed, dehydrated, alcoholized, embedding in paraffin, and stained with safranin-fast green. Data analysis consists of the morphological observation (shape, color, size and the number of seeds per fruits) and the anatomical observation (the pericarp layers of fruit, the seed coat layers, and the structure in the seed). The fruit of C. odorata var. odorata forma genuina was fleshy, ovoid or obovoid, 0.98-2.75 cm long, 0.42-1.63 cm in diameter, and contain 1-12 seeds. The seeds were pale brown, flattened, ovoid, and hard. The fruit anatomy showed that the pericarp layers derived from parenchymatous cells and differentiated into three zones, i.e. exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. The seed has ruminated endosperm with irregular folds. The seed coat was divided into three integuments, i.e. outer, middle, and inner integument. The information about the fruit and seed anatomy of C. odorata var. odorata forma genuina might enhance the understanding of future studies regarding natural reproduction and conservation programs with generative propagation.

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“…PBS3 and EPS1 are two enzymes that were found to complete SA biosynthesis from isochorismate in Arabidopsis through a metabolic pathway diverse from that of bacteria. Polyamines (PAs), including putrescine (Put), spermidine (Spd), and spermine (Spm), are low molecular weight organic polycations present in all living organisms and are involved in many metabolic processes in plants, including morphogenesis, cell division, proliferation, organogenesis, and programmed cell death (PCD) to defend against many stresses that face plants (Kaur-Sawhney & Galston, 2003;Cassol & Mattoo, 2003;Casero & Marton, 2007;Nambeesan et al, 2008;Handa & Matto, 2010;Handa et al, 2011Handa et al, , 2014. They are essential for all cells and have been considered as endogenous growth regulators (Galston & Kaur-Sawhney, 1995;Srivastava & Handa, 2005).…”

Section: In Silico Analysis Of Polyamine Rich Transgenic Tomato Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shelf life of fruit is normally determined by the rate of change of this metabolic activity leading to fruit softening. Earlier investigations have shown the advantage of PAs enriched tomato homozygous independent genotypes (556HO and 579HO) in slow aging (delay fruit ripening) (Mehta et al, 2002) which is associated with increased fruit shelf life and fruit quality attributes (Handa & Matto, 2010;Handa et al, 2011Handa et al, , 2014.…”

Section: In Silico Analysis Of Polyamine Rich Transgenic Tomato Fruitmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silico Analysis of Polyamine Rich Transgenic Tomato Fruit Transcriptome for Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis

et al. 2020

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Fruit development and ripening

Cited by 21 publications

References 191 publications

Multiscale investigation of mealiness in apple: an atypical role for a pectin methylesterase during fruit maturation

Multiscale investigation of mealiness in apple: an atypical role for a pectin methylesterase during fruit maturation

Morphology and anatomy of the fruit and seed of Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson

In silico Analysis of Polyamine Rich Transgenic Tomato Fruit Transcriptome for Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis

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