Fruit development

Ho, L. C.; Hewitt, John D.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-3137-4_5

Cited by 101 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Enlarging cells need osmotic pressure in order to grow (Cosgrove 1997). The main osmotica in tomato fruits are organic acids (stored in the vacuole as potassium salts) and sugars (Ho and Hewitt 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during early fruit development between domesticated tomato and two wild relatives

Kortstee

Appeldoorn

Oortwijn

et al. 2007

Planta

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Early development and growth of fruit in the domesticated tomato Solanum lycopersicum cultivar Money Maker and two of its wild relatives, S. peruvianum LA0385 and S. habrochaites LA1777, were studied. Although small diVerences exist, the processes involved and the sequence of events in fruit development are similar in all three species. The growth of developing fruits is exponential and the relative growth rate accelerates from 5 days after pollination (DAP 5) to DAP 8, followed by a decline during further development. Growth is positively correlated to the standard "Brix plus starch'' in the period DAP 8-DAP 20. Carbohydrate composition and levels of sugars and organic acids diVer in fruits of the wild accessions compared to domesticated tomato. The wild accessions accumulate sucrose instead of glucose and fructose, and ripe fruits contain higher levels of malate and citrate. The enzymes responsible for the accumulation of glucose and fructose in domesticated tomatoes are soluble invertase and sucrose synthase. The regulation of initial carbohydrate metabolism in the domesticated tomato diVers from that in the wild species, as could be concluded from measuring activities of enzymes involved in primary carbohydrate metabolism. Furthermore, changes in the activity of several enzymes, e.g., cell wall invertase, soluble invertase, fructokinase and phosphoglucomutase, could be attributed to changes in gene expression level. For other enzymes, additional control mechanisms play a role in the developing tomato fruits. Localization by in-situ activity staining of enzymes showed comparable results for fruits of domesticated tomato and the wild accessions. However, in the pericarp of S. peruvianum, less activity staining of phosphogluco-isomerase, phosphoglucomutase and UDPglucosepyrophosphorylase was observed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during early fruit development between domesticated tomato and two wild relatives

Kortstee

Appeldoorn

Oortwijn

et al. 2007

Planta

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“…It is well accepted that fruit growth comprises three main stages (Ho and Hewitt, 1986), with the first stage being characterized by an intense mitotic activity leading to an increase in cell number. During this stage, starch, which represents the major carbon reserve in the fruit, reaches a maximal accumulation (Ho, 1996).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

SlARF4, an Auxin Response Factor Involved in the Control of Sugar Metabolism during Tomato Fruit Development

et al. 2013

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Successful completion of fruit developmental programs depends on the interplay between multiple phytohormones. However, besides ethylene, the impact of other hormones on fruit quality traits remains elusive. A previous study has shown that downregulation of SlARF4, a member of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) auxin response factor (ARF) gene family, results in a darkgreen fruit phenotype with increased chloroplasts (Jones et al., 2002). This study further examines the role of this auxin transcriptional regulator during tomato fruit development at the level of transcripts, enzyme activities, and metabolites. It is noteworthy that the dark-green phenotype of antisense SlARF4-suppressed lines is restricted to fruit, suggesting that SlARF4 controls chlorophyll accumulation specifically in this organ. The SlARF4 underexpressing lines accumulate more starch at early stages of fruit development and display enhanced chlorophyll content and photochemical efficiency, which is consistent with the idea that fruit photosynthetic activity accounts for the elevated starch levels. SlARF4 expression is high in pericarp tissues of immature fruit and then undergoes a dramatic decline at the onset of ripening concomitant with the increase in sugar content. The higher starch content in developing fruits of SlARF4 down-regulated lines correlates with the up-regulation of genes and enzyme activities involved in starch biosynthesis, suggesting their negative regulation by SlARF4. Altogether, the data uncover the involvement of ARFs in the control of sugar content, an essential feature of fruit quality, and provide insight into the link between auxin signaling, chloroplastic activity, and sugar metabolism in developing fruit.

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“…The potential of NIR spectroscopy as a nondestructive measurement technique was also evaluated for measuring texture parameter such as firmness of Jonagold apple (Lammertyn et al, 1998) and mango (Schilovitch et al, 2000). Tomato fruits are composed of flesh (pericarp walls and skin) and pulp (placenta and locular tissue including seeds) (Ho and Hewitt, 1986). The pericarp portion of tomato fruit contains more reducing sugars and less organic acid than the locular portion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dominant regression coefficient peaks were observed at 820, 830, 849, and 884 nm. The wavelength 884 nm corresponds with the absorbance band due to carbohydrate (Williams and Norris, 1987) and carbohydrate in many forms such as starch, sucrose, fructose, and glucose is the major component of SSC in tomato fruit (Ho and Hewitt, 1986). This wavelength is also close to those reported by other researchers working on fruit and vegetable quality assessment using NIR methods.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Infrared Transmittance Method for Nondestructive Determination of Soluble Solids Content in Growing Tomato Fruits

Khuriyati

Matsuoka

2004

ecb

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In soilless culture, control of nutrient solution is very important for production of the high quality tomato fruits. The control will be efficient by taking the information of internal properties of growing fruits into account.Therefore, nondestructive measurement method for these properties is highly required.Nondestructive near infrared (NIR) methods have already been used effectively in many crops such as mango, apple, peach, however, no studies have been reported on growing tomato fruit. In addition, tomato fruit has a great variation in internal structure that consists of flesh and pulp. It causes ununiformity in texture and chemical compositions within a fruit and hence significantly affects NIR spectra. Therefore, specially assembled NIR instrument is required for accurate nondestructive determination of constituents in the fruit. Three halogen lamps as a light source of the instrument illuminated almost the whole fruit surface from the upper side. Then the spectrum of transmitted light through the bottom of the sample was measured by spectrometer. The performance of this instrument was investigated by developing calibration model for determination of the soluble solids content (SSC) in the whole fruit from the spectrum. This method successfully determined the SSC of tomato fruits with correlation coefficient between predicted and actual values (r) of 0.91, standard error of performance (SEP) of 0.73%, and bias of 0.17%.

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Fruit development

Cited by 101 publications

References 80 publications

Differences in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during early fruit development between domesticated tomato and two wild relatives

Differences in regulation of carbohydrate metabolism during early fruit development between domesticated tomato and two wild relatives

SlARF4, an Auxin Response Factor Involved in the Control of Sugar Metabolism during Tomato Fruit Development

Near Infrared Transmittance Method for Nondestructive Determination of Soluble Solids Content in Growing Tomato Fruits

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