Fruit Germplasm Characterization: Genomics Approaches for the Valorisation of Genetic Diversity

Muzzalupo, Innocenzo; Perri, Enzo; Chiappetta, Adriana

doi:10.5772/32906

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 100 publications

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“…In general, the lack of information about plant genetic resources has the effect of limiting their use, restricting both the value and the usefulness of a collection even within the owning institute and among other potential users [ 3 ]. Hence, the characterisation of the germplasm conserved in a collection is an essential prerequisite to a proper and wide utilization of the conserved plant material and it is the first step toward the definition of the roles that the varieties can play in sustainable production, through the direct use or in breeding programs [ 4 , 5 ]. In this respect, several Mediterranean cities have promoted ex situ olive germplasm collections, including Cordoba (Spain), Marrakech (Morocco), Porquerolles (France), and Cosenza (Italy), which hosts the majority of olive varieties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Biodiversity of Italian Olives (Olea europaea) Germplasm Analyzed by SSR Markers

Muzzalupo

Vendramin

Chiappetta

2014

The Scientific World Journal

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The olive is an important fruit species cultivated for oil and table olives in Italy and the Mediterranean basin. The conservation of cultivated plants in ex situ collections is essential for the optimal management and use of their genetic resources. The largest ex situ olive germplasm collection consists of approximately 500 Italian olive varieties and corresponding to 85% of the total Italian olive germplasm is maintained at the Consiglio per la Ricerca e sperimentazione per l'Agricoltura, Centro di Ricerca per l'Olivicoltura e l'Industria Olearia (CRA-OLI), in Italy. In this work, eleven preselected nuclear microsatellite markers were used to assess genetic diversity, population structure, and gene flows with the aim of assembling a core collection. The dendrogram obtained utilizing the unweighted pair group method highlights the presence of homonymy and synonymy in olive tree datasets analyzed in this study. 439 different unique genotype profiles were obtained with this combination of 11 loci nSSR, representing 89.8% of the varieties analyzed. The remaining 10.2% comprises different variety pairs in which both accessions are genetically indistinguishable. Clustering analysis performed using BAPS software detected seven groups in Italian olive germplasm and gene flows were determined among identified clusters. We proposed an Italian core collection of 23 olive varieties capturing all detected alleles at microsatellites. The information collected in this study regarding the CRA-OLI ex situ collection can be used for breeding programs, for germplasm conservation, and for optimizing a strategy for the management of olive gene pools.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Biodiversity of Italian Olives (Olea europaea) Germplasm Analyzed by SSR Markers

Muzzalupo

Vendramin

Chiappetta

2014

The Scientific World Journal

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“…Currently, on the basis of estimates from the FAO Olive Germplasm Plant Production and Protection Division, the world olive germplasm contains more than 2.600 different varieties [25], but this data could be underestimated because there is a significant lack of information regarding minor local varieties and ecotypes that are widespread in different olive-growing areas [11,26,27].…”

Section: Ssr Database Of the Olive Germplasmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking News on the Authenticity of Olive Oils by Means of Molecular Markers

Muzzalupo¹

2017

NTNF

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The labelling of food products is essential to inform the consumers about the products that they are buying. The EECn° 2081/1992, has defined the relative contribution of specific cultivars for every commercial oil designation. For this reason, the identification of olive genotypes used for the production of Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO) is essential for the final characteristics of designation oils as the Protected Designation of Origin (POD), Registered Designation of Origin (RDO), and Protected Geographical Indication status (PGI).The aim of this mini-review is to point out the latest innovations on the main issues of the composition and the authentication of EVOOs by means of microsatellites markers. The comparing between the molecular SSR profiles and the same loci present in an online molecular databases, allows establishing the origin olive varieties and the respect for the disciplinary of production (POD, RDO, PGI, etc.,). In Italy, some laboratories already work on this certification and by computerizing the molecular profiles obtained from the EVOO, can process an "identity card" that can be inserted into a barcode or QR code or microchips on the labels or bottle caps and it can be consulted by producers, consumers, and controllers via a mobile phone.

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Genetic and environmental features for oil composition in olive varieties

Bervillé¹,

Breton

2014

OCL

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-Consumption of olive oil helps both prevent and cure heart disease. Olive oils vary in their fatty acid profiles as well as those of other secondary metabolites (phenols, sterols, and terpene compounds). We seek to distinguish the genetic bases from the environmental factors that cause these variations. The genetic base is indeed wide: varieties originate in different domestication occurrences, from different oleaster trees and in differing climatic regimes. With the aid of diagrams, we set out briefly the oil synthesis pathway for fruits in comparison with that of seeds, and the specific aspects of olive oil in particular. Varieties of olive have appeared that are adapted to regions with harsh conditions where the oleaster could not thrive. Environmental stresses have consequences on drupes and their oil profiles; these have been highlighted in European countries through the use of appellations. Whilst stresses tend to enhance the quality of the end product, they do however decrease final yields with potential negative impacts on olive growers' incomes. Irrigation experiments are underway in order to determine the optimal amount of watering. In breeding new varieties, the result sought is that of accumulating pest tolerances and fruit-quality characteristics; selection programmes are however expensive as they necessitate observations over many years. Consumers have choice across a range of appellations with different organoleptic specificities at different prices, and whatever the appellation of the oil they can expect a positive effect on their health.Keywords: Abiotic stresses / appellations / diversity / health / oil profiles / phenolic compounds Résumé -Les caractéristiques génétique et environnementale de la composition en huile des variétés de l'olivier. L'huile d'olive est bénéfique pour prévenir et guérir les maladies cardiovasculaires. Les profils de l'huile d'une variété sont variés tant pour les acides gras que pour les métabolites secondaires (composés phénoliques, stérols, et terpéniques). Notre but est de séparer les causes génétiques des causes environnementales qui supportent les variations des profils de l'huile. Les bases génétiques sont larges puisque les variétés sont issues d'événements de domestication distincts à partir de l'oléastre qui proliférait sous des climats différents. Nous exposons succinctement les spécificités de l'huile d'olive ainsi que les principales voies métaboliques pour les fruits par comparaison aux graines. Nous avons choisi de comparer les profils par des diagrammes. Des variétés adaptées à des stress sévères sont apparues où l'oléastre ne peut se maintenir. Les stress environnementaux ont des effets sur le fruit pour la conserve et sur le profil de l'huile, ce qui a été valorisé par les appellations dans les pays européens. Si le stress favorise la qualité des produits, il diminue en revanche le rendement et par là, le revenu des oléiculteurs. Des essais expérimentaux sont en cours pour déterminer le niveau d'irrigation sans diminuer la qualité des produi...

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Fruit Germplasm Characterization: Genomics Approaches for the Valorisation of Genetic Diversity

Cited by 4 publications

References 100 publications

Genetic Biodiversity of Italian Olives (Olea europaea) Germplasm Analyzed by SSR Markers

Genetic Biodiversity of Italian Olives (Olea europaea) Germplasm Analyzed by SSR Markers

Breaking News on the Authenticity of Olive Oils by Means of Molecular Markers

Genetic and environmental features for oil composition in olive varieties

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