Fruit Juice and Change in BMI: A Meta-analysis

Auerbach, Brandon J.; Wolf, Fred M.; Hikida, Abigail; Vallila-Buchman, Petra; Littman, Alyson J.; Thompson, Douglas; Louden, Diana; Taber, Daniel R.; Krieger, James

doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2454

Cited by 108 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, a recent experimental study in mice found no difference in adiposity by sucrose intake but did find differences by fat intake [34], suggesting that fat rather than sucrose drives over-consumption. Observationally, consumption of 100% fruit juice, which may contain as much sucrose as SSB, is unrelated to weight gain in children aged 7-18 years despite slight weight gain in younger children, although this observation has not been confirmed in an RCT [13]. Instead, the observed association of SSB with adiposity in Western populations could be due to modern patterns of sugary/fatty snacking characterized by high SSB consumption, rather to sugar itself [35].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, some others showed small effects of SSB intake on weight or BMI, which may be more marked for increasing consumption of SSB on weight gain and among the overweight [5,11,12]. As a beverage containing naturally occurring sugars, 100% fruit juice was not associated with weight gain in children aged 7 to 18 years in a meta-analysis of observational studies [13], but no RCT to date has tested the effect of 100% fruit juice on adiposity in children.Given the inconclusive evidence concerning the effect of SSB on adiposity, assessing the association in settings with different confounding patterns can be helpful [14]. Unlike in Western developed settings, obesity is less clearly socially patterned in Hong Kong Chinese children [15,16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Association of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Frequency with Adiposity: Evidence from the “Children of 1997” Birth Cohort

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Observationally, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with adiposity in Western children but could be confounded. We examined the association of SSB frequency with adiposity in the non-Western setting of Hong Kong. Methods: We examined the associations of SSB consumption frequency at 11 and 13 years assessed by using a food frequency questionnaire with subsequent body mass index (BMI) z-score and overweight/obesity up to 18 years using generalized estimating equations, and with waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage at 16-19 years using linear regression in a population-representative Chinese birth cohort "Children of 1997" (n = 3628). Results: At 11 and 13 years, 6.8% and 8.2% of children respectively consumed SSB daily. Neither SSB frequency at 11 nor at 13 years was associated with subsequent BMI z-score or overweight/obesity up to 18 years, or with waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, or body fat percentage at 16-19 years adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic position, health status, physical activity and other food consumption, although bias to the null from under-reporting cannot be eliminated. Conclusion: Although we cannot definitively exclude a small association of SSB frequency with adiposity, lack of association of SSB frequency with adiposity in a non-Western setting with low SSB consumption suggests that the role of SSB in adiposity appears to be minor.Nutrients 2020, 12, 1015 2 of 13 unreliable [8]. A few randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been conducted in children [9,10], which suggested reducing SSB intake reduces weight. However, meta-analyses of RCTs have revealed mixed findings. One meta-analysis showed no overall effect of SSB intake on weight in children, possibly due to low compliance in some included trials [6]. This meta-analysis also found weight decrease for reduced sugars intake and weight increase for increased sugars intake in trials of adults with ad libitum diets [6]. However, some others showed small effects of SSB intake on weight or BMI, which may be more marked for increasing consumption of SSB on weight gain and among the overweight [5,11,12]. As a beverage containing naturally occurring sugars, 100% fruit juice was not associated with weight gain in children aged 7 to 18 years in a meta-analysis of observational studies [13], but no RCT to date has tested the effect of 100% fruit juice on adiposity in children.Given the inconclusive evidence concerning the effect of SSB on adiposity, assessing the association in settings with different confounding patterns can be helpful [14]. Unlike in Western developed settings, obesity is less clearly socially patterned in Hong Kong Chinese children [15,16]. Chinese children also consume fewer SSBs than those in Western developed countries [17]. SSB consumption in Chinese children may have different socioeconomic patterns than in Western settings, where children of lower SEP tend to consume more SSB [18]. Here, we examined the association of SSB frequency at 11 and 13 years ...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Association of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Frequency with Adiposity: Evidence from the “Children of 1997” Birth Cohort

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Committee on Nutrition also theorized that minimizing sweet liquids might lessen future consumption of sweet beverages, lowering the risk for obesity. A recent meta-analysis by Auerbach et al [41] found almost no support for a connection between 100% juice and obesity, however.…”

Section: The Introduction To Complementary Feeding: 6-12 Monthsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Savoring Sweet: Sugars in Infant and Toddler Feeding

Murray

2017

Ann Nutr Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the first years of life, the sweetness of sugars has a capacity to hinder or to help in laying a strong nutritional foundation for food preferences that often extend over a lifetime. Aside from supplying 4 g/kcal of energy, sugars are non-nutritive. However, sugars have a powerful attribute, sweetness, which strongly influences human food preference. A child's first relationship with sweet taste begins even before birth and continues to evolve throughout complementary feeding. The sweetness of breastmilk encourages consumption and soothes the neonate. Conversely, inappropriate introduction of non-milk solids and beverages that are sweet at 0-4 months of age raises the newborn's risk for later obesity and may discourage the acceptance of other bitter or sour foods. Although cereals, fruits, 100% fruit juices, and some grains have naturally occurring sugars that impart sweet flavor notes, there is no clear role for added sugars between 6 and 12 months of age. Yet, 60% of infants are introduced to foods and beverages containing added sugars, threatening diet quality. Pairing foods with naturally occurring sugars, such as fruits, with foods that tend to be resisted initially, such as vegetables, can mask bitterness and promote acceptance. Utilizing the infants' extraordinary capacity for sensory-motor exploration is another strategy to expose them repeatedly to challenging tastes and flavors. The transitional year, as breast milk and infant formula are withdrawn, is a time when nutritional needs are high and diet quality often precarious. Rapid growth, along with brain and cognitive development, demand high-quality nutrition. Snacks are necessary both for energy and valuable nutrients. However, the selection of snack foods often exposes toddlers to items that offer concentrated energy with low nutrient value. Recent trends suggest a rapid fall in added sugars among infants and toddlers. Parenting practices that use small amounts of sugars to promote nutrient-rich foods from all 5 food groups can enhance rather than hinder their child's emerging dietary pattern.

show abstract

“…The World Health Organization guidelines state that consuming these products increases overall energy intake and may displace healthier foods from the diet, potentially leading to weight gain and increased risk of non-communicable disease [1]. Classifying 100% fruit juice as a drink that should be limited is not without controversy due to inconclusive evidence from multiple meta-analyses on the causal link between 100% fruit juice consumption and adverse health effects [2][3][4][5]. Nevertheless, 100% fruit juice is causally linked to tooth decay [6] and can contribute to excess calories to the diet [1], suggesting that 100% fruit juice is not an appropriate substitute for SSBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Juice, Artificially-Sweetened Soda and Bottled Water: An Australian Population Study

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Reducing consumption of free sugars, such as those found in high concentrations in manufactured products such as sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and 100% fruit juices, is a global public health priority. This study aimed to measure prevalence of widely available pre-packaged non-alcoholic water-based beverages (carbonated sodas, sports drinks, energy drinks, artificially-sweetened sodas, fruit juices (any type), and bottled water) and to comprehensively examine behavioral, environmental, current health, and demographic correlates of consumption. A cross-sectional, nationally-representative population survey of 3430 Australian adults (18+ years) was conducted using computer-assisted telephone (mobile and landline) interviewing. Past week prevalence of pre-packaged drinks containing free sugar was 47.3%; daily prevalence was 13.6%. Of all the pre-packaged drinks assessed, consumption of fruit juices (any type) was the most prevalent (38.8%), followed by bottled water (37.4%), soda (28.9%), artificially-sweetened soda (18.1%), sports drinks (8.1%), and energy drinks (4.2%). Higher soda consumption was associated with males, younger age, socio-economic disadvantage, frequent takeaway food consumption, availability of soda in the home, obesity, and a diagnosis of heart disease or depression. A diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes was associated with increased likelihood of consuming artificially-sweetened sodas and decreased likelihood of consuming sugar-sweetened soda. SSB consumption is prevalent in Australia, especially among young adults and males, foreshadowing continued population weight gain and high burdens of chronic disease. To reduce consumption, Australia must take a comprehensive approach, incorporating policy reform, effective community education, and active promotion of water.

show abstract

Fruit Juice and Change in BMI: A Meta-analysis

Abstract: Consumption of 100% fruit juice is associated with a small amount of weight gain in children ages 1 to 6 years that is not clinically significant, and is not associated with weight gain in children ages 7 to 18 years. More studies are needed in children ages 1 to 6 years.

Cited by 108 publications

References 40 publications

Association of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Frequency with Adiposity: Evidence from the “Children of 1997” Birth Cohort

Association of Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Frequency with Adiposity: Evidence from the “Children of 1997” Birth Cohort

Savoring Sweet: Sugars in Infant and Toddler Feeding

Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Juice, Artificially-Sweetened Soda and Bottled Water: An Australian Population Study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About