“…On hazelnuts, stink bugs can cause different types of damage, depending on the stage of development in which the fruit is hit. In particular: i) if the insect bites the fruit in the pre-expansion phase of the shell, hazelnuts will be almost certainly subject to drop or traumatic abortion; ii) if the fruit is bitten while the shell is expanding, a traumatic abortion of the kernel will almost always occur, therefore shells will be empty at harvest; iii) if the fruit is hit during the kernel expansion or the ripening phase, kernels will be shrivelled or they will present a high incidence of the characteristic off-flavour defined as “cimiciato” or “corked” [ [3] , [4] , [5] , [6] ]. By visual inspection, cimiciato defect can appear as one or more spots on the kernel surface (external or visible cimiciato) or the damage can be located inside the kernel, and this prevents it to be detected visually, but the injure becomes visible only after opening the fruit in two halves (hidden or internal cimiciato) [ 6 ].…”