Fruiting Body of Pleurotus Ostreatus Reduces Serum Glucose and Modifies Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetic: Drosophila Melanogaster (Fruit-Fly)

Abstract

Mushrooms, which possess medicinal properties, are also considered a good source of food and basic nutrients. Diabetic patients now use edible mushrooms as a source of low-calorie food. Mushrooms are used to treat and prevent diseases such as diabetes, obesity, heart disease, hyperacidity, cancer, hypertension and also act as immune modulators. In this study, the antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) in sucrose-induced type-2 diabetic Drosophila melanogaster was investigated. The fresh fruiting body of PO was obtained from the mushroom farm of the Africa Centre of Excellence in Phytomedicine Research and Development (ACEPRD) and dried with the aid of the ASPRE dryer. The aqueous extract of the dried powder was used for the anti-diabetic and survival assay. The fly homogenate was evaluated for circulating glucose, total thiol, acetylcholinesterase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase. PO was observed to prolong D. melanogaster's survival time as more flies (> 50%) survived on the extract compared to control (47%), after 28 days. There was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the circulating glucose of the treated flies compared with those that were untreated; while no statistical (P > 0.05) difference was observed between the metformin and PO treated groups. In the antioxidant study, an insignificant (P > 0.05) difference between the untreated and treated groups was observed. Catalase activity showed a significant (P < 0.05) difference between the diabetic untreated and PO treated groups. We conclude that the fruiting body of P. ostreatus possessed potent hypoglycemic activities in D. melanogaster induced type-2 diabetes, possibly linked to its antioxidant property.

Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Extends Lifespan and Ameliorate HAART Drug-Induced Locomotor, Reproductive, and Antioxidant Deficits in Drosophila melanogaster

“…Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS) are highly reactive molecules generated within biological systems during normal cellular respiration or xenobiotic exposure [28,29]. Oxidative stress occurs when the generation of RONS molecules overwhelms the antioxidant mechanism of the body [30].…”

“…Research has proven that about 75% of the genes implicated in human diseases are well conserved in Drosophila melanogaster [32], making the model an excellent tool in toxicology and screening of nutraceuticals for medicinal activities [29]. Iojiim et al [33] recently reported that M. oleifera leaf supplementation significantly increased the survival rate and augmented in vivo functions of the antioxidant system in D. melanogaster.…”

Moringa oleifera Leaf Extract Promotes Antioxidant, Survival, Fecundity, and Locomotor Activities in Drosophila melanogaster

“…The activity of Glutathione-S-transferase (GST; EC 2.5.1.18) was evaluated as described by Omale et al [21] utilizing 1-chloro-2, 4dinitrobenzene (CDNB) as substrate. The reaction mixture was made to 600 µL (solution A) by adding 20 µL of 0.25 M potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0 with 2.5 mM EDTA), 510 µL of 0.1 M GSH at 25°C, 60 µL of the dilute sample (distilled water to sample ratio 1:5), and 10µL of 25 mM CDNB.…”

“…The body fights these free radicals through enzymatic (e.g., Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione peroxidases) [19,20] or non-enzymatic antioxidants (e.g., Vitamins C & E, albumin, thiols) [20]. Thus, oxidative stress occurs when the rate of RONS production supersedes the natural antioxidant mechanisms of the body [21]. Oxidative stress is implicated in human diseases (e.g., Diabetes mellitus) [21] or xenobiotic exposures (e.g., highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) drugs) [22].…”

“…Thus, oxidative stress occurs when the rate of RONS production supersedes the natural antioxidant mechanisms of the body [21]. Oxidative stress is implicated in human diseases (e.g., Diabetes mellitus) [21] or xenobiotic exposures (e.g., highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) drugs) [22]. In diabetes mellitus, the state of enhanced glycolysis promotes pyruvate generation and increased mitochondrial membrane potentials.…”