Fruits of Firmiana and Craigia (Malvaceae) from the Eocene of the Central Tibetan Plateau with emphasis on biogeographic history

Abstract

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Meta‐analysis provides insights into the origin and evolution of East Asian evergreen broad‐leaved forests

“…Central Tibet, a valley surrounded by high northern and southern mountains (Ding et al ., 2014, 2022; Su et al ., 2019a, 2020; Spicer et al ., 2020, 2021; Xiong et al ., 2023), likely played an important role in the floristic exchange of the Northern Hemisphere during the Paleogene (late Eocene to early Oligocene) (Del Rio et al ., 2020; Li et al ., 2022; Liu et al ., 2022). This valley has yielded a succession of radiometrically diverse fossil flora that have shown biological connections to newly docked India, North America, and Europe as well as the first occurrence of several taxa that are now part of the EAEBLFs (Liu et al ., 2019; Tang et al ., 2019; Su et al ., 2019b, 2020; Del Rio et al ., 2020, 2022; Jia et al ., 2021, 2022; Chen et al ., 2022; Li et al ., 2022; Zhang et al ., 2022). Additionally, the Pan Gulf of Tonkin flora (Huang et al ., 2022), which may be an important source for the post‐Paleogene East Asian arid belt retreat, suggests that accumulation may have started from the late Eocene to early Oligocene.…”