FRW model with two-fluid source in fractal cosmology

Abstract

The present paper deals with flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) model with two-fluid sources in fractal cosmology. One fluid in this model represents the Universe's matter content, while the other is a radiation field that models the cosmic microwave background. To obtain the deterministic model, we used the pressuredensity relationship for matter via the gamma law equation of state p m = (γ − 1) ρ m , 1 ≤ γ ≤ 2. The solutions of fractal field equations are obtained in terms of Kummer's confluent hypergeometric function of the first kind. Some physical parameters of the models are obtained and their behaviour is discussed in detail using graphs.

Energy Conditions with Interacting Field in f(R) Gravity

“…This condition indicates that the energy density is non-negative, confirming the physical viability of the model. These conclusions can be observed from equations ( 29) and (35), which provide further evidence for the fulfillment of the WEC in the present study.…”

“…By adopting the fractal parameter ω = 0 and the relationship between p m and ρ m , i.e. p m = (γ − 1)ρ m , 1 ≤ γ ≤ 2, [35] explored the flat FRW two-fluid cosmological models in fractal theory of gravity and discovered the answers.…”

Two Fluids in f(T) Gravity with Observational Constraints

“…The Energy density for radiation in terms of redshift is calculated as follows: The plot of Energy density for radiation vs redshift depicted in figure (9), which show the progressive behaviour of energy density for radiation with respect to Redshift, as ρ r → ∞ as z → ∞.…”