FSH in testes of marmosets during development: Immunocytochemical localization and de novo biosynthesis

Garde, Seema V.; Sheth, A. R.; Kulkarni, Sujata A.

doi:10.1002/ar.1092310113

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Böckers et al (1994) detected FSH receptor mRNA in testicular tissue. By contrast, there are a few reports that the testicular tissue of the marmoset monkey and the kidney or liver tissue of the human fetus can synthesize in vitro FSH and human chorionic gonadotropin molecules, respectively (McGregor et al 1981(McGregor et al , 1983Garde et al 1991). It is therefore difficult to determine if the presence of LH-like substance in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells in our study could be due to receptorbound or endogenous synthesized molecules in the lung and stomach.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

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Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (ir-LH) cells in the lung and stomach of chick embryos

Shirasawa

Shiino

Shimizu

et al. 1995

Cell and Tissue Research

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Luteinizing hormone (LH) immunoreactivity was detected in the lung and stomach of chick embryos by the immunoperoxidase staining technique using specific antiserum to chicken LH. Immunoreactive LH (ir-LH) cells first appeared in the primordial cells of the epithelial layer of lung bud and foregut as well as of Rathke s pouch in the 3-day-old embryo, Hamburger and Hamilton stage 21. Ir-LH cells increased in number with advancing age of embryos in the lung, stomach, and pituitary gland. In the lung of 7-day-old embryos, stage 31, the ir-LH cells were distributed in the epithelium of primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi, and their shapes were pseudostratified columnar, simple columnar, and simple cuboidal, depending on their sites in the intrapulmonary airway. Ir-LH cells were more numerous in the median part than in the lateral part of the lung, and the population in the epithelial layer of entobronchi of the secondary bronchi was 4 times higher than that in ectobronchi and laterobronchi of the secondary bronchi and in the primary bronchi. The immunoreactive products were found, either in the entire cell or in the apical part, facing the lumina of bronchi. In the stomach, ir-LH cells were found in the epithelial layer of gastric glands. No ir-LH cells were observed in interstitial regions, which consisted of mesenchymal cells and blood vessels, in the lung and stomach tissues. With advancing age, ir-LH cells changed their shapes to flat or squamous, coincident with the formation of parabronchi. Other pituitary hormones were not observed immunohistochemically in either the lung or stomach before hatching. Preabsorption of the antiserum against avian LH with the purified chicken LH or the extract of pituitaries from 10-day-old embryos completely destroyed the immunoreactivity to the cells in the lung and the pituitary. A single band of the immunoreaction products, whose molecular weight was around 25 K daltons, was shown by the immunostaining of nitrocellulose membrane transblotted after sodium dodecylsulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified pituitary LH, extracts of pituitaries from 10-day-old embryos, and the extracts of lungs from 7-, 10-, and 14-day-old chick embryos. These results demonstrated that ir-LH cells are present in extrapituitary tissues, and may play an important role during the development of chick embryonic lung and stomach.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…It has been speculated that the immunoreactive FSH in the Sertoli cells or Leydig cells is the receptor-bound FSH derived from the pituitary gland (Hon et al 1983;Hovatta et al 1986) or the intrinsic FSH synthesized in their cytoplasm (Garde et al 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (ir-LH) cells in the lung and stomach of chick embryos

Shirasawa

Shiino

Shimizu

et al. 1995

Cell and Tissue Research

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“…Spermatocytes do not appear until 32–35 weeks of age in the marmoset (de Souza et al ., 1988; Garde et al ., 1991; Kelnar et al ., 2002), indicating that GC migration to the basal lamina may be complete by that time, and more mature GC types are present by 43 weeks (Chandolia et al ., 2006). We therefore conclude that the movement of GC towards the cord periphery in marmosets at 22 weeks of age is analogous to the migration seen in the neonatal rat, and is a precursor of further GC differentiation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal germ cell development and differentiation in the male marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): similarities with the human and differences from the rat

et al. 2013

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STUDY QUESTIONIs perinatal germ cell (GC) differentiation in the marmoset similar to that in the human?SUMMARY ANSWERIn a process comparable with the human, marmoset GC differentiate rapidly after birth, losing OCT4 expression after 5–7 weeks of age during mini-puberty.WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADYMost of our understanding about perinatal GC development derives from rodents, in which all gonocytes (undifferentiated GC) co-ordinately lose expression of the pluripotency factor OCT4 and stop proliferating in late gestation. Then after birth these differentiated GC migrate to the basal lamina and resume proliferation prior to the onset of spermatogenesis. In humans, fetal GC differentiation occurs gradually and asynchronously and OCT4+ GC persist into perinatal life. Failure to switch off OCT4 in GC perinatally can lead to development of carcinoma in situ (CIS), the precursor of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC), for which there is no animal model. Marmosets show similarities to the human, but systematic evaluation of perinatal GC development in this species is lacking. Similarity, especially for loss of OCT4 expression, would support use of the marmoset as a model for the human and for studying CIS origins.STUDY DESIGN, SIZE AND DURATIONTestis tissues were obtained from marmosets (n = 4–10 per age) at 12–17 weeks' gestation and post-natal weeks 0.5, 2.5, 5–7, 14 and 22 weeks, humans at 15–18 weeks' gestation (n = 5) and 4–5 weeks of age (n = 4) and rats at embryonic day 21.5 (e21.5) (n = 3) and post-natal days 4, 6 and 8 (n = 4 each).PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING AND METHODSTestis sections from fetal and post-natal marmosets, humans and rats were collected and immunostained for OCT4 and VASA to identify undifferentiated and differentiated GC, respectively, and for Ki67, to identify proliferating GC. Stereological quantification of GC numbers, differentiation (% OCT4+ GC) and proliferation were performed in perinatal marmosets and humans. Quantification of GC position within seminiferous cords was performed in marmosets, humans and rats.MAIN RESULTS AND ROLE OF CHANCEThe total GC number increased 17-fold from birth to 22 post-natal weeks in marmosets; OCT4+ and VASA+ GC proliferated equally in late gestation and early post-natal life. The percentage of OCT4+ GC fell from 54% in late fetal life to <0.5% at 2.5 weeks of age and none were detected after 5–7 weeks in marmosets. In humans, the percentage of OCT4+ GC also declined markedly during the equivalent period. In marmosets, GC had begun migrating to the base of seminiferous cords at ∼22 weeks of age, after the loss of GC OCT4 expression.LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTIONThere is considerable individual variation between marmosets. Although GC development in marmosets and humans was similar, there are differences with respect to proliferation during fetal life. The number of human samples was limited.WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGSThe similarities in testicular GC differentiation between marmosets and humans during the perinatal period, and their differences from roden...

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“…By 8 months of age, there remains no lumen in the center of seminiferous cords, but adult‐types of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes appear for the first time (de Souza et al, 1988; Garde et al, 1991). Because it takes approximately 37 days for Type B spermatogonia to develop into Step 12 spermatids, the first appearance of preleptotene, i.e., entry into meiosis, most likely take place in the early days after pubertal surge in blood testosterone levels at 6–12 months of age.…”

Section: Testicular Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on testicular development, structure, function, and regulation in common marmoset

Donald

Golub

2005

Birth Defect Res B

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It seems that the endocrine system including the testis in marmosets has some unique features that have not been observed in rodents, Old World primates, and humans, but detailed comparison in these features among these species will be presented in another review. Based on the data available, marmoset seems to be an interesting model for comparative studies. However, interpretation of experimental findings on the testicular effects in marmosets should be made with serious caution. Depending on potential mode of testicular actions of the chemical under investigation, marmoset may have very limited value in predicting potential testicular or steroid hormone-related endocrine effects of test chemicals in humans.

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FSH in testes of marmosets during development: Immunocytochemical localization and de novo biosynthesis

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (ir-LH) cells in the lung and stomach of chick embryos

Immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (ir-LH) cells in the lung and stomach of chick embryos

Perinatal germ cell development and differentiation in the male marmoset (Callithrix jacchus): similarities with the human and differences from the rat

Review on testicular development, structure, function, and regulation in common marmoset

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