The adsorption of CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 at 303 K by MIL-91(Al), one of the few porous phosphonate-based-MOFs, has been investigated by combining advanced experimental and computational tools. Whereas CH 4 and N 2 adsorption isotherms exhibit type I behavior, the reversible CO 2 isotherm displays an unusual inflection point at low pressure. In situ X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy showed structural changes of this small-pore MOF upon CO 2 adsorption. Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations delivered a detailed picture of the adsorption mechanisms at the microscopic level. The so-predicted arrangements of the confined CO 2 molecules were supported by analysis of the in situ diffraction and infrared experiments. It was shown that while adsorbed CH 4 and N 2 are located mainly in the center of the pores, CO 2 molecules interact with the hydrogen-bonded POH−N acid−base pairs. This results in a relatively high adsorption enthalpy for CO 2 of ca. −40 kJ mol −1 , which suggests that this material might be of interest for CO 2 capture at low pressure (postcombustion).