FT‐Raman spectroscopy study for skin cancer diagnosis

Abstract

Abstract. Early detection of cancer is still a great challenge in clinical oncology. Recently, Raman spectroscopy has been used for skin lesion detection. FT-Raman spectroscopy is a modern analytical tool and its use for cancer diagnosis will lead to several advantages for the patient as, for example, real time and less invasive diagnosis. The primary objective of this work was to use FT-Raman spectroscopy to detect spectral changes between benign and malignant (basal cell carcinoma -BCC) skin tissues. Those spectral changes can provide important information about the biochemical alterations between these two types of tissues. We have analyzed by FT-Raman eight set of samples histopathologically diagnosed as BCC and made a comparison with five set of samples diagnosed as benign tissue. We have found that the main spectral differences between these samples were in the shift region of 1220-1300 cm −1 and 1640-1680 cm −1 . The vibration bands in these regions correspond to the amide III and to the amide I vibrations, respectively. Principal components analysis applied over all 13 samples could identify tissue type with 100% of sensitivity and specificity.

Improved protocols for vibrational spectroscopic analysis of body fluids

“…agnostic applications has been well investigated and demonstrated, notably in dermal applications [3][4][5][6] but also for many other anatomical sites, including cervix [7,8], skin [9][10][11], lung [12,13], brain [14], oesophagus [15,16], colon [17], prostate [18], nasopharynx [19], larynx [20], oral [21], breast [22,23] and liver [24]. The detailed information of the molecular structure and composition of the tissue provided by Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared absorption (FTIR) spectroscopy ultimately promises an analysis of disease origin and progression.…”

Discrimination of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Melanoma from Normal Skin Biopsies in Vitro Through Raman Spectroscopy and Principal Component Analysis

“…13 Discrimination of BCC from normal skin fragments in vitro has been achieved with high sensitivity and specificity using PCA. 22,27 Biochemical spectral models are based on the calculated (or estimated) concentration of the most relevant biochemicals presented in a particular tissue sample by ordinary least-squares fitting of the basal biochemical compounds to be estimated and the original tissue spectrum. 3,13 Then, the tissue discrimination and disease grading could be done by comparing the alterations in these compounds that occurred in each tissue type with a suitable discrimination technique.…”

A study examining the effects of tissue processing on human tissue sections using vibrational spectroscopy

“…Raman however, has the advantage of minimal interference from water so is a good choice for biological samples with a view to in vivo measurements. Some of the tissue types examined by various groups include; cervical [2][3][4], breast [5][6][7], skin [8][9][10][11][12], lung [13], brain [14,15] bladder [16], esophagus [17][18][19], colon [20], liver [21,22], thyroid [23] and prostate [24,25]. A variety of different methods of sample preparation have been employed in these studies, such as; fresh, frozen, airdried, formalin-fixed and de-waxed formalin fixed paraffin preserved (FFPP) tissue sections.…”