FTIP1 Is an Essential Regulator Required for Florigen Transport

Liu, Lu; Liu, Chang; Hou, Xue‐Long; Xi, Wanyan; Shen, Lisha; Tao, Zhen; Wang, Yue; Yu, Hao

doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001313

Cited by 272 publications

(300 citation statements)

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“…2). Two membrane-associated proteins, FT-INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (FTIP1) and SODIUM POTASSIUM ROOT DEFECTIVE1 (NaKR1), are identified as molecular transporters of FT movement (Liu et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2016;Fig. 2).…”

Section: Ft Protein Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FTIP1, which is localized in the ER in companion cells, and in the plasmodesmata between companion cells and sieve elements, interacts with FT protein in plasmodesmata, and it is required for FT export from companion cells to the sieve elements (Liu et al, 2012). Although FTIP1 expression is not affected by photoperiod (Liu et al, 2012), the phloem-expressed MYB transcription factor FE/ ALTERED PHLOEM DEVELOPMENT, which contributes to FT expression in long days, is required for the expression of FTIP1 (Abe et al, 2015), indicating the connection of FT induction and FT movement. There is another example for this connection.…”

Section: Ft Protein Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Circadian Clock and Photoperiodic Flowering in Arabidopsis: CONSTANS Is a Hub for Signal Integration

2016

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Plants sense changes in day length (= photoperiod) as a reliable seasonal cue to regulate important developmental transitions such as flowering. Integration of various external light information into the circadian clock-controlled mechanisms enables plants to precisely measure photoperiod changes in the surrounding environment. The core mechanism of photoperiodic measurement is regulation of CONSTANS (CO) activity, which takes place in phloem companion cells in leaves. Until recently, it remained unclear whether plants possess specific variations of the clock for this regulation. Now it is known that a specific circadian timing mechanism in the vascular tissue is essential for photoperiodic flowering. In addition to spatial tissue-specific regulation, temporal regulation of CO activity is also important. The identification and characterization of multiple regulators that physically interact with CO and influence its function in the morning in long days are two recent advances in photoperiodic regulation of flowering time. It seems that CO acts as a network hub to integrate various external and internal signals into the photoperiodic flowering pathway. CO regulates the amount of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) transcripts and FT protein moves from companion cells of leaf phloem to the shoot apical meristem. The protein that helps long-distance transport of FT protein was also identified recently. Here, we introduce recent advances in tissue-specific variations of the circadian clock and the emerging picture of the intricate connections of transcriptional regulators through CO in the morning, which all facilitate plants knowing when to flower.Properly timing the floral transition is crucial for reproductive success. It can also influence the early development of offspring. To optimize this timing, plants constantly monitor changes in the surrounding environment. Among various environmental factors, observing changes in day length (= photoperiod) is the most reliable way for many organisms to know the specific time of year. Therefore, photoperiodic regulation is one of the major flowering time mechanisms and it has been studied since it was first reported in 1920 (Song et al., 2015). Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), as it flowers mainly in spring, can sense lengthening days to induce flowering and became a suitable model to study photoperiodic flowering regulation. (Andrés and Coupland, 2012;Song et al., 2013;Pajoro et al., 2014;Shim and Imaizumi, 2015).In principle, photoperiodic flowering mechanisms can be divided into three parts: light input, circadian clock, and output. Light information is integrated into innate photoperiodic timing mechanisms governed by the circadian clock to induce genes that trigger flowering.

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Section: Ft Protein Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ft Protein Movementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Clock and Photoperiodic Flowering in Arabidopsis: CONSTANS Is a Hub for Signal Integration

2016

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“…Both CO in the photoperiod pathway and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 in the thermosensory pathway directly activate the mRNA expression of FT that encodes the protein as part of the florigen in leaves 3,[9][10][11] . Long-distance movement of FT protein from leaves to the shoot apex through the phloem system allows FT to interact with a bZIP transcription factor FD in the shoot apical meristem for activating floral meristem identity genes 10,12,13 . SOC1 is expressed in leaves and shoot apical meristems in response to multiple flowering pathways, and encodes a MADS-box transcription factor that acts as a key flowering promoter through regulating another floral meristem identity gene, LEAFY 2-5, [14][15][16] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Nuclear factor Y-mediated H3K27me3 demethylation of the SOC1 locus orchestrates flowering responses of Arabidopsis

et al. 2014

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Nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) is a conserved heterotrimeric transcription factor complex that binds to the CCAAT motifs within the promoter region of many genes. In plants, a large number of genes code for variants of each NF-YA, B or C subunit that can assemble in a combinatorial fashion. Here, we report the discovery of an Arabidopsis NF-Y complex that exerts epigenetic control over flowering time by integrating environmental and developmental signals. We show that NF-Y interacts with CONSTANS in the photoperiod pathway and DELLAs in the gibberellin pathway, to directly regulate the transcription of SOC1, a major floral pathway integrator. This NF-Y complex binds to a unique cis-element within the SOC1 promoter to modulate trimethylated H3K27 levels, partly through a H3K27 demethylase REF6. Our findings establish NF-Y complexes as critical mediators of epigenetic marks that regulate the response to environmental or intrinsic signals in plants.

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“…trafficking of other regulators in plant cells (Shin et al, 2005;Fulton et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2012; 83 Liu et al, 2013;Song et al, 2017). C2 domain is one of the most prevalent eukaryotic lipid 84 binding domains and could serve as a docking module that targets proteins to specific 85 intracellular membrane by forming phospholipid complexes (Nalefski and Falke, 1996).…”

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Characterization of Multiple C2 Domain and Transmembrane Region Proteins in Arabidopsis

Liu

Liang

et al. 2017

Plant Physiol.

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FTIP1 Is an Essential Regulator Required for Florigen Transport

Abstract: FT-INTERACTING PROTEIN 1 is a novel protein that is involved in transporting florigen, a long-known mobile signal that induces flowering in plants in response to day length, from companion cells to sieve elements in the phloem of Arabidopsis.

Cited by 272 publications

References 31 publications

Circadian Clock and Photoperiodic Flowering in Arabidopsis: CONSTANS Is a Hub for Signal Integration

Circadian Clock and Photoperiodic Flowering in Arabidopsis: CONSTANS Is a Hub for Signal Integration

Nuclear factor Y-mediated H3K27me3 demethylation of the SOC1 locus orchestrates flowering responses of Arabidopsis

Characterization of Multiple C2 Domain and Transmembrane Region Proteins in Arabidopsis

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