FTIR-ATR and Multivariate Calibration for the Prediction of Biodiesel Concentration in Petrodiesel Blends

Abstract

<p class="MsoNormal"> <span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">The increasing use of petrodiesel-biodiesel fuel blends throughout the world requires fast, economic and efficient ana</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">lytical techniques that can be used for the quality control of these fuels.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">In this work</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;"> we developed an analytical me</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">thod for determining the concentration of African palm biodiesel in blends with petrodiesel; the method is based on in</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">frared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR).</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">To build a prediction model, nineteen petrodiesel-biodiesel blends were prepared in triplicate with biodiesel concentrations for 0%</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">100% by weight.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">The blends were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;"> the spectral fingerprint data were used to build a prediction model through PLS regression. The optimal number of principal components (PCs)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;"> the standard error of calibration (SEC)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;"> the standard validation error (SEV)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;"> the correlation coefficient of calibration (r Cal) and the validation correlation coefficient (r Val) were used to validate the predictive ability of the model.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:Verdana;">The results show that the model obtained in this work has a good ability for determining the concentration of African palm biodiesel in petrodiesel-biodiesel blends.</span><span lang="EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span> </p

Microstructure and chemical composition of deposited particulate matter from gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust emissions

“…This can be explained by the presence of asymmetric vibration of CH 2 groups. These results are similar to those reported in the literature (Guerrero et al, 2013;Popovicheva et al, 2014;Sahu et al, 2016).…”

“…The response around 1020 cm -1 can be attributed to the functions C-O-C and C = O, O-S, P-OR, Si-OR in all three samples (Sahu et al, 2016). The bands appeared in the 1000-1300 cm -1 region is a characteristic of C-C aromatic functions and C-H plane deformation, but the most important structure correspond to C-O-C ether (Manoj et al, 2012;Guerrero et al, 2013). The bands lying between 1100 and 1170 cm -1 correspond to the C-CH 2 -O vibrations, C-O-C asymmetric vibrations and C-C stretching groups (Guerrero et al, 2013).…”

“…The most important ones correspond to the stretching vibrations of C=O of carboxylic acids (Manoj et al, 2012;Sahu et al, 2016). The peak at 1745 cm -1 corresponds to the carbonyl groups of esters while that at 1533 cm -1 corresponds to the C=C bond vibrations resulting from the aromatic ring or alkene functional groups (Guerrero et al, 2013). The massive absorption in 1400-1450 cm -1 region, and the peak at 1374.64 cm -1 can be attributed to the symmetric and asymmetric alkyl group vibrations (Guerrero et al, 2013;Popovicheva et al, 2014).…”

“…The bands appeared in the 1000-1300 cm -1 region is a characteristic of C-C aromatic functions and C-H plane deformation, but the most important structure correspond to C-O-C ether (Manoj et al, 2012;Guerrero et al, 2013). The bands lying between 1100 and 1170 cm -1 correspond to the C-CH 2 -O vibrations, C-O-C asymmetric vibrations and C-C stretching groups (Guerrero et al, 2013). The two peaks at 594.26 and 626.46 cm -1 correspond to SO 4 2ion (Popovicheva, 2014) produced due of sulfur contaminants in the fuel or oil.…”

Monitoring of Development of Certified Reference Material of Biodiesel by High Field NMR Spectroscopic Techniques

“…Host of Molecular and Atomic spectroscopic, and Chromatographic techniques are being used extensively for studying the composition and monitoring the quality aspects of oil, fat and biodiesel including algal oil [17][18][19][20][21][24][25][26][27][28]. FTIR and FT Raman techniques in combination with chemo metric analyses have been applied to resolve the quality issues of blended biodiesel, particularly adulteration with vegetable oils [29][30][31][32][33][34]. The issues related to quality control of diesel/biodiesel in Brazil as recommended by the ANP (the Brazilian National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels) are addressed by ASTM methods (ASTM 4052, ASTM D 445, ASTM D 4737, ASTM D 93, and ASTM D 86).…”