FTIR, 13C NMR, and GPC analysis of high‐propylene content co‐ and terpolymers with ethylene and higher α‐olefins synthesized with EtInd2ZrCl2/MAO

Ferreira, Marı́a Luján; Galland, Griselda B.; Damiani, Daniel Eduardo; Villar, Marcelo A.

doi:10.1002/pola.1176

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…However, previous studies [9,23], proposed that long branched a-olefins force the p ligands into a more open arrangement reducing the steric hindrance, providing a larger incorporation of big monomers in the chain.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This behavior can also be related with the polarity and basicity effects of the olefin. Ferreira [23] proposed that the system rac-Et[Ind] 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO can present two coordination positions, one polymerizable and other nonpolymerizable. When there is more propene in the medium, this olefin, for being more basic than the others, will coordinate in the nonpolymerizable position causing an increase in the positive charge of the zirconium, and, consequently, an increase in the propagation constant of the olefin coordinated at the polymerizable position.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This fact can also be explained by the presence in a catalyst as rac-Et[Ind] 2 ZrCl 2 of two coordinating sites [23]. The more polarizable the olefin the more increases the positive charge on the Zr, increasing the propagation constant of the olefin coordinated at the polymerizable position.…”

Section: Catalytic Activitymentioning

confidence: 95%

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13Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of ethylene–propylene–1-octadecene terpolymers and comparison with ethylene–propylene–1-hexene and 1-decene terpolymers

Galland

Escher

2006

Polymer

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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13Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of ethylene–propylene–1-octadecene terpolymers and comparison with ethylene–propylene–1-hexene and 1-decene terpolymers

Galland

Escher

2006

Polymer

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“…This is consistent with similar previous work. 14,15 After delamination of the film, one of the interior faces was shown to be of the same composition (polypropylene with low levels of butene and ethene), whereas the other was revealed to be based on a polyacrylate adhesive.…”

Section: Figure 3 High Resolution Afm Height and Phase Images Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

A combined imaging, microthermal and spectroscopic study of a multilayer packaging system

et al. 2004

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The effectiveness of a packaging solution for the pharmaceutical and food industry is dependent on the integrity of the constituent layers and the interfaces formed between them. The deconvolution and analysis of the many intimate layers found in packaging is analytically challenging, requiring techniques capable of identifying sub-micron regions. Here we have characterized the chemical and physical nature of the layers in a multilayer packaging system along with the interfaces, using a combination of high-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM), microthermal analysis using scanning thermal microscopy (SThM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In particular, localized thermal analysis is shown to reveal the thermal transitions of the individual layers, but it was found that care must be exercised when melting through one layer to the next, as this can result in overestimates of melting temperatures of the underlying layer due to excess power loss from the SThM probe to the already molten top layer surrounding the probe.

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“…However, owing to much more complicated macromolecular chain sequences and morphological structures than that of random copolymers, the corresponding terpolymers of propylene, for instance, a random terpolymer of propylene with low amounts of ethylene and 1-butene, have received far less attention. Although up to now some work has been done on this topic, [5][6][7][8] our knowledge is still limited.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

13C NMR, GPC, and DSC Study on a Propylene-ethylene-1-butene Terpolymer Fractionated by Temperature Rising Elution Fractionation

Zhang

Gou

Wang

et al. 2003

Polym J

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A terpolymer of propylene with low amounts of ethylene and 1-butene comonomers was fractionated by temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF), and the effect of fractionation experiment was checked through crystallization analysis fractionation (Crystaf). Nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the set of polymer fractions obtained. Each polymer fraction was composed of long isotactic propylene sequences and low amounts of ethylene and 1-butene comonomers, and had more uniform molecular weight distribution and narrower crystallization temperature distribution (σ, R) than the original sample. The macromolecular chains consisted mainly of PP, PB, and PE dyads with or without the presence of very low amounts of BB, EE, and EB dyads. The terpolymer could be considered a combination of a propylene-ethylene copolymer and a propylene-1-butene copolymer in analyzing the molecular chain microstructure of the terpolymer. The investigation concluded that with increase of elution temperature, ethylene and 1-butene content of the polymer fractions decreased, and the number average sequence length of ethylene (n E ) and 1-butene (n B ) decreased, whereas the number average molecular weight (M n ) and number average sequence length of propylene (n P ) increased. It is ethylene, not 1-butene, that affects linearly the melting temperature at content lower 6.8 mol%. A linear relationship was found between reciprocal number average molecular weight (1/M n ) and reciprocal melting temperature (1000/T , 1/K) at number average molecular weight below 1.59 × 10 5 , in good agreement with Flory's theory.KEY WORDS 1-Butene / 13 C NMR / Ethylene / Melting Crystallization Behavior / Terpolymer of Propylene with Low Amount of Ethylene and 1-Butene / Temperature Rising Elution Fractionation / Molecular microstructure is of significance in its effect on the physical properties of propylene polymers such as melting crystallization, degree of crystallization, rheological, and optical properties. Tacticity is an important factor to determine the properties of propylene polymers. Incorporation of ethylene, 1-butene, or other comonomers into the macromolecular chain of propylene polymers can also adjust macromolecular chain sequence and morphological structure, and make a variety of properties of propylene polymers, like melting crystallization behavior, improved and optimized effectively. So far, random copolymers of propylene with low amounts of comonomer, like propylene-ethylene copolymer, 1, 2 propylene-1-butene copolymer, 3 and propylene-α-olefins copolymer, 4 have been investigated to a certain extent. However, owing to much more complicated macromolecular chain sequences and morphological structures than that of random copolymers, the corresponding terpolymers of propylene, for instance, a random terpolymer of propylene with low amounts of ethylene and 1-butene, have received far less attention. Although up to now some...

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FTIR, ¹³C NMR, and GPC analysis of high‐propylene content co‐ and terpolymers with ethylene and higher α‐olefins synthesized with EtInd₂ZrCl₂/MAO

Cited by 21 publications

References 33 publications

13Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of ethylene–propylene–1-octadecene terpolymers and comparison with ethylene–propylene–1-hexene and 1-decene terpolymers

13Carbon nuclear magnetic resonance characterization of ethylene–propylene–1-octadecene terpolymers and comparison with ethylene–propylene–1-hexene and 1-decene terpolymers

A combined imaging, microthermal and spectroscopic study of a multilayer packaging system

13C NMR, GPC, and DSC Study on a Propylene-ethylene-1-butene Terpolymer Fractionated by Temperature Rising Elution Fractionation

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