Fuel cell behavior and energy balance on board a Hyundai Nexo

Sery, Jules; Leduc, Pierre

doi:10.1177/14680874211059046

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In [38], the Toyota Mirai dihydrogen consumption was measured from 0.98 to 1.05 kg/100 km on standardized cycles. In [39], the Hyundai Nexo reportedly had a 0.67 kg/100 km consumption in urban-type driving. That means our potential improvement range would be between 13% and 45%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Integrated Energy Management Strategy Applied to Fuel Cell Hybrid Systems

et al. 2023

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Integrating hydrogen fuel cell systems (FCS) remains challenging in the expanding electric vehicle market. One of the levers to meet this challenge is the relevance of energy supervisors. This paper proposes an innovative energy management strategy (EMS) based on the integrated EMS (iEMS) concept. It uses a nested approach combining the best of the three EMS categories (optimization-based (OBS), rules-based (RBS), and learning-based (LBS) strategies) to overcome the real-time operating condition limitations of the fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV). Through a fuel cell/battery hybrid architecture, the purpose is to improve hydrogen consumption and manage the battery state of charge (SOC) under real-time driving conditions. The proposed iEMS approach is based on an OBS with optimal control to make the energy-optimal decision. However, it requires the adaptations of real-time operating conditions and a dynamic SOC horizon management. These requirements are supported by combining an RBS based on expert and fuzzy rules to compute the SOC target on each sliding window and an LBS based on fuzzy C-mean clustering to enhance the cooperative environment data processing and adapt it to the FHCEV topology. Our approach obtained simple and realistic system behaviors while having an acceptable computing time suitable for real time constraint. It was then designed and validated using a 27-hour real-time measured database. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed iEMS concept with an excellent performance close to the optimal offline strategy (an under 2% consumption gap).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Integrated Energy Management Strategy Applied to Fuel Cell Hybrid Systems

et al. 2023

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“…The proportion of energy consumed by the Balance of Plant (BoP) is noteworthy. Tests conducted on a Hyundai Nexo hydrogen vehicle under steady-state conditions revealed an energy consumption of a 9.1 kWe compressor, within a system rated at 82 kWe and possessing an efficiency of 66.8% [21]. Depending on the specific system and the type of power converter used, it is generally characterized by an efficiency exceeding 97% [22].…”

Section: Current Research Status Of Pem Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study and modelling of an air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack in the static and dynamic performance

Pielecha,

Szwajca

2024

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability

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Research on Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells is an important area in the field of modern energy sources. Such fuel cells are characterized by high efficiency and fast response times, making them a promising solution for sustainable energy production. Fuel cells operate under both static and dynamic conditions. Such varying operating conditions result in achieving different efficiency of fuel cell systems. This study attempts an experimental and modeled efficiency evaluation of a 1.2 kW open-cathode air-cooled fuel cell stack under static and dynamic conditions. A Sankey energy balance and an analysis of the balance components were determined for the fuel cell stack operating in these two operating states. Simultaneous modeling of the fuel cell under both static and dynamic conditions was carried out. The efficiency values of the fuel cell stack were found to be slightly higher under static conditions than under dynamic conditions. Modeling fuel cells in static and dynamic conditions results in slightly different parameters (better conformance was obtained for static models).

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“…In particular, decreasing the thickness of GDLs and flow fields by integrating them into a single component can enable the production of more compact stacks, reducing weight and increasing volumetric current density, as recently demonstrated by Korean researchers (Park et al, 2019). Another option to improve cathode performance would be to use a more efficient compressor to increase the cathode pressure, while avoiding a reduction of the system efficiency (Sery and Leduc, 2022).…”

Section: Effect Of External Transport Resistancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the optimal cathode catalyst layer for polymer electrolyte fuel cells: Bimodal pore size distributions with functionalized microstructures

2022

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A high advancement has been achieved in the design of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) since the development of thin-film catalyst layers (CLs). However, the progress has slowed down in the last decade due to the difficulty in reducing Pt loading, especially at the cathode side, while preserving high stack performance. This situation poses a barrier to the widespread commercialization of fuel cell vehicles, where high performance and durability are needed at a reduced cost. Exploring the technology limits is necessary to adopt successful strategies that can allow the development of improved PEMFCs for the automotive industry. In this work, a numerical model of an optimized cathode CL is presented, which combines a multiscale formulation of mass and charge transport at the nanoscale (∼10nm) and at the layer scale (∼1μm). The effect of exterior oxygen and ohmic transport resistances are incorporated through mixed boundary conditions. The optimized CL features a vertically aligned geometry of equally spaced ionomer pillars, which are covered by a thin nanoporous electron-conductive shell. The interior surface of cylindrical nanopores is catalyzed with a Pt skin (atomic thickness), so that triple phase points are provided by liquid water. The results show the need to develop thin CLs with bimodal pore size distributions and functionalized microstructures to maximize the utilization of water-filled nanopores in which oxygen transport is facilitated compared with ionomer thin films. Proton transport across the CL must be assisted by low-tortuosity ionomer regions, which provide highways for proton transport. Large secondary pores are beneficial to facilitate oxygen distribution and water removal. Ultimate targets set by the U.S. Department of Energy and other governments can be achieved by an optimization of the CL microstructure with a high electrochemical surface area, a reduction of the oxygen transport resistance from the channel to the CL, and an increase of the catalyst activity (or maintaining a similar activity with Pt alloys). Carbon-free supports (e.g., polymer or metal) are preferred to avoid corrosion and enlarge durability.

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Fuel cell behavior and energy balance on board a Hyundai Nexo

Cited by 23 publications

References 9 publications

Real-Time Integrated Energy Management Strategy Applied to Fuel Cell Hybrid Systems

Real-Time Integrated Energy Management Strategy Applied to Fuel Cell Hybrid Systems

Experimental study and modelling of an air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack in the static and dynamic performance

On the optimal cathode catalyst layer for polymer electrolyte fuel cells: Bimodal pore size distributions with functionalized microstructures

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