Fuel cell electric vehicle as a power plant: Fully renewable integrated transport and energy system design and analysis for smart city areas

Oldenbroek, V.D.W.M.; Verhoef, L.A.; Wijk, Ad van

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.01.155

Cited by 89 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 138 publications

(145 reference statements)

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“…Here, a o is an empirical constant, which is generally taken as 0.6 km. The power n depends on the temperature, thus the exergy of the heat supplied, as provided in Equation (22). T ref is 283.15 K while 333.15 K is the traditional supply temperature.…”

Section: Additional Exergy Benefit Of the Hydrogen Citymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogen Economy Model for Nearly Net-Zero Cities with Exergy Rationale and Energy-Water Nexus

Kılkış

2018

Energies

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Abstract:The energy base of urban settlements requires greater integration of renewable energy sources. This study presents a "hydrogen city" model with two cycles at the district and building levels. The main cycle comprises of hydrogen gas production, hydrogen storage, and a hydrogen distribution network. The electrolysis of water is based on surplus power from wind turbines and third-generation solar photovoltaic thermal panels. Hydrogen is then used in central fuel cells to meet the power demand of urban infrastructure. Hydrogen-enriched biogas that is generated from city wastes supplements this approach. The second cycle is the hydrogen flow in each low-exergy building that is connected to the hydrogen distribution network to supply domestic fuel cells. Make-up water for fuel cells includes treated wastewater to complete an energy-water nexus. The analyses are supported by exergy-based evaluation metrics. The Rational Exergy Management Efficiency of the hydrogen city model can reach 0.80, which is above the value of conventional district energy systems, and represents related advantages for CO 2 emission reductions. The option of incorporating low-enthalpy geothermal energy resources at about 80 • C to support the model is evaluated. The hydrogen city model is applied to a new settlement area with an expected 200,000 inhabitants to find that the proposed model can enable a nearly net-zero exergy district status. The results have implications for settlements using hydrogen energy towards meeting net-zero targets.

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Section: Additional Exergy Benefit Of the Hydrogen Citymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oldenbroek et al [22] analyzed the possibility of a 100% local renewable energy system to provide for the energy needs of power, heat, and transport in an urban area. The options were based on solar, wind, and fuel cell options with hydrogen as an energy carrier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Economy Model for Nearly Net-Zero Cities with Exergy Rationale and Energy-Water Nexus

Kılkış

2018

Energies

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“…The supply of power in microgrids for load leveling has also been considered [19,20]. Regarding FCEVs, most of the literature is focused on local energy supply, for example, vehicle-to-building power [21,22] and more recently microgrids [23][24][25] and smart cities [26]. The role of FCEVs in the wholesale market in systems with high wind penetration is also being explored [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptualization of Vehicle‐to‐Grid Contract Types and Their Formalization in Agent‐Based Models

2018

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Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) have the potential to be used as flexible power plants in future energy systems. To integrate FCEVs through vehicle-to-grid (V2G), agreements are needed between the FCEV owners and the actor that coordinates V2G on behalf of them, usually considered the aggregator. In this paper, we argue that, depending on the purpose of providing V2G and the goal of the system or the aggregator, different types of contracts are needed, not currently considered in the literature. We propose pricebased, volume-based, and control-based contracts. Using agent-based modeling and simulation we show how price-based contracts can be applied for selling V2G in the wholesale electricity market and how volume-based contracts can be used for balancing the local energy supply and demand in a microgrid. The models can provide a base to explore strategies in the market and to improve performance in a system highly dependent on V2G.

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“…The parked vehicle will produce electric power to meet part of the residential load while consuming a share of the onboard stored hydrogen. The extension of the concept of 'car as a power plant' in the context of smart cities has been described in the work of Oldenbroek, Verhoef and van Wijk [6]. The authors concluded solar and wind electricity together with FCEV used also as energy generators could provide 100% renewable energy to smart cities (thus covering power, heat, and transport demands).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Energy Center Initiative at Politecnico di Torino: Practical experiences on energy efficiency measures in the municipality of Torino

Borchiellini¹,

Corgnati²,

Becchio³

et al. 2017

IJHT

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Urban districts should evolve towards a more sustainable infrastructure and greener energy carriers. The utmost challenge is the smart integration and control, within the existing infrastructure, of new information and energy technologies (such as sensors, appliances, electric and thermal power and storage devices) that are able to provide multi-services based on multi-actors and multi and interchangeable energy carriers. In recent years, the Municipality of Torino represents an experimental scenario, in which practical experiences in the below-areas have taken place through a number of projects: 1. energy efficiency in building; 2. smart energy grids management and smart metering; 3. biowaste-to-energy: mixed urban/industrial waste management with enhanced energy recovery from biogas. This work provides an overview and update on the most interesting initiatives of smart energy management in the urban context of Torino, with an analysis and quantification of the advantages gained in terms of energy and environmental efficiency.

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Fuel cell electric vehicle as a power plant: Fully renewable integrated transport and energy system design and analysis for smart city areas

Abstract: Fuel cell electric vehicle as a power plant Fully renewable integrated transport and energy system design and analysis for smart city areas

Cited by 89 publications

References 138 publications

Hydrogen Economy Model for Nearly Net-Zero Cities with Exergy Rationale and Energy-Water Nexus

Hydrogen Economy Model for Nearly Net-Zero Cities with Exergy Rationale and Energy-Water Nexus

Conceptualization of Vehicle‐to‐Grid Contract Types and Their Formalization in Agent‐Based Models

The Energy Center Initiative at Politecnico di Torino: Practical experiences on energy efficiency measures in the municipality of Torino

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