Fuel cell/lithium-ion battery hybrid for manportable applications

Jarvis, L.P.; Cygan, P.J.; Roberts, M.P.

doi:10.1109/bcaa.2002.986371

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The superiority • K. Lee et al of an FC-Bh power source over FC-only power sources has been demonstrated in terms of system efficiency, dynamic control requirement, etc., in Guezennec et al [2003] and Vahidi et al [2004Vahidi et al [ , 2005. It is the structure of choice for powering future high-performance portable microelectronic systems Jarvis et al 2002;Gao et al 2005;Guezennec et al 2003;Nasiri et al 2004b;Zheng et al 2001]. …”

Section: Fc-bh Power Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A fuel-cell-battery hybrid for portable embedded systems

Lee

Chang

Zhuo

et al. 2008

ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst.

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This article presents our work on the development of a fuel cell (FC) and battery hybrid (FC-Bh) system for use in portable microelectronic systems. We describe the design and control of the hybrid system, as well as a dynamic power management (DPM)-based energy management policy that extends its operational lifetime. The FC is of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) type, operates at room temperature, and has an energy density which is 4-6 times that of a Li-ion battery. The FC cannot respond to sudden changes in the load, and so a system powered solely by the FC is not economical. An FC-Bh power source, on the other hand, can provide the high energy density of the FC and the high power density of a battery.In this work we first describe the prototype FC-Bh system that we have built. Such a prototype helps to characterize the performance of a hybrid power source, and also helps explore new energy management strategies for embedded systems powered by hybrid sources. Next we describe a Matlab/Simulink-based FC-Bh system simulator which serves as an alternate experimental platform and that enables quick evaluation of system-level control policies. Finally, we present an optimization framework that explicitly considers the characteristics of the FC-Bh system and is aimed at minimizing the fuel consumption. This optimization framework is applied on top of a prediction-based DPM policy and is used to derive a new fuel-efficient DPM scheme. The proposed scheme demonstrates up to 32% system lifetime extension compared to a competing scheme when run on a real trace-based MPEG encoding example.

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Section: Fc-bh Power Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such a system is very efficient, since it provides the high energy density of FCs and the high power density of batteries Jarvis et al 2002]. Furthermore, such a system not only improves the power capacity and response time, but also can be built with smaller components.…”

Section: Fc-bh Power Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A fuel-cell-battery hybrid for portable embedded systems

Lee

Chang

Zhuo

et al. 2008

ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst.

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“…Most fuel cell systems are supported by lithium batteries [4,5]. When a load is heavy, a lithium battery helps to supply power, and when a load is light, a fuel cell can charge a lithium battery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extended range: Fuel cells are excellent for long-range operations, and they are ideal for applications requiring an extended range, such as in electric vehicles, where they can sustain continuous operation. 4.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of High-Efficiency and Compact Fuel Cell–Battery Hybrid Power System

Chen,

Wu,

Hsiao

et al. 2024

Processes

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This paper proposes a high-efficiency and compact fuel cell–battery hybrid power system without DC/DC converters. Generally, fuel cells supply power to charge lithium batteries or loads using DC/DC converters. The disadvantages of a DC/DC converter are its complex design, poor efficiency, and large volume. Therefore, improvements in the volume, weight, and efficiency are the main objectives of the proposed topology, which is suitable for stable operation in power equipment. This paper proposes a novel topology without DC/DC converters for a fuel cell–battery hybrid forklift system and analyzes, discusses, and verifies it with experimental measurements. Additionally, the proposed topology uses an average charging method to charge the Li-ion battery. The dynamic response of fuel cells is slower than that of Li-ion batteries. By properly configuring the voltages of a fuel cell and a lithium battery, we propose a hybrid system that can maintain a stable output and high efficiency in different operating modes without DC/DC converters. Detailed efficiency calculations and comparisons reveal that the method proposed in this paper achieves an efficiency increase of 5.36% compared with traditional approaches, while maintaining a set charging current. The proposed topology and charging method are verified with experiments on a 10 kW fuel cell–battery system, and the results indicate that the proposed method without DC/DC converters is more suitable for hybrid applications than traditional methods. The proposed system achieves optimal efficiency of 98.27%, surpassing the performance of a traditional hybrid system employing regulated DC/DC converters. Additionally, the system incorporates a mechanism to achieve constant current control, ensuring precise control over the desired charging current. The error in the desired charging current, determined through the average charging method, is 5%.

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“…FCs have limited power capacity, i.e., their power range is limited. Thus a hybrid power source composed of an FC that has high energy density and a secondary power source (such as battery or super capacitor) with high power density is much more efficient [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic power management with hybrid power sources

Zhuo

Chakrabarti

Lee

et al. 2007

Proceedings of the 44th Annual Conference on Design Automation - DAC '07

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DPM (Dynamic Power Management) is an effective technique for reducing the energy consumption of embedded systems that is based on migrating to a low power state when possible. While conventional DPM minimizes the energy consumption of the embedded system, it does not utilize the properties of the power source. Alternative power sources such as fuel cells (FCs) have substantially different power and efficiency characteristics that have to be taken into account while developing policies that maximize their operational lifetime. In this paper, we present a new DPM policy for embedded systems powered by FC based hybrid source. We develop an optimization framework that explicitly considers the FC system efficiency and is aimed at minimizing the fuel consumption. Next we apply this optimization framework on top of a prediction based DPM policy to develop a new fuel-efficient DPM scheme. The proposed algorithm was applied to a real trace based MPEG encoding example and demonstrated up to 32% more system lifetime extension compared to a competing scheme.

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Fuel cell/lithium-ion battery hybrid for manportable applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

A fuel-cell-battery hybrid for portable embedded systems

A fuel-cell-battery hybrid for portable embedded systems

Design and Implementation of High-Efficiency and Compact Fuel Cell–Battery Hybrid Power System

Dynamic power management with hybrid power sources

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