Fuel cell-supercapacitor topologies benchmark for a three-wheel electric vehicle powertrain

Macías, Alvaro; Kandidayeni, Mohsen; Boulon, Loïc; Trovão, João P.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2021.120234

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…7 presents the utilized real driving cycle in this study and its respective requested power that should be supplied by the power sources. This driving cycle has been obtained by an on-road test drive of the real studied three-wheel motorcycle (Spyder) [20], [35]. It has been designed based on the characteristics of this recreational three-wheel motorcycle which normally experiences high accelerations and decelerations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Health-Conscious Energy Management Strategy for a Hybrid Multi-Stack Fuel Cell Vehicle Based on Game Theory

Ghaderi¹,

Kandidayeni²,

Soleymani³

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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The use of multiple low-power fuel cells (FCs), instead of a high-power one, in the powertrain of a FC-hybrid electric vehicle (FC-HEV) has recently received considerable attention. This is mainly due to the fact that this configuration can lead to higher efficiency, durability, and reliability. However, the added degrees of freedom require an advanced multi-agent energy management strategy (EMS) for an effective power distribution among power sources. This paper puts forward an EMS based on game theory (GT) for a multi-stack FC-HEV with three FCs and a battery pack. GT is a wellapproved method for characterizing the interactions in multiagent systems. Unlike the other strategies, the proposed EMS is equipped with an online identification system to constantly update the time-varying characteristics of the power sources. The performance of the suggested strategy is investigated through two case studies. Firstly, a comparative study with two other EMSs, dynamic programming (offline), and a competent rulebased strategy (online), is conducted to realize the capability of GT. Secondly, to justify the necessity of online system identification, the degradation effect of each power source on the EMS performance is examined. The carried-out studies show that the total cost (hydrogen consumption and degradation) of the proposed strategy is almost 6% better than the rulebased EMS while keeping a reasonable difference with dynamic programming. Moreover, health unawareness of power sources can increase the hydrogen consumption up to 7% in the studied system.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Health-Conscious Energy Management Strategy for a Hybrid Multi-Stack Fuel Cell Vehicle Based on Game Theory

Ghaderi¹,

Kandidayeni²,

Soleymani³

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol.

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“…By replacing Equation (20) in Equation (19), and according to the definition of a and b given in Equations ( 16) and ( 17), the general solution of Equation ( 18) can be expressed as a function of the starting parameters, R TH , P, and a, with the final solution being:…”

Section: Thermal Analysis Of Scs Operating At Constant Power Based On the Incomplete Gamma Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Together with them, SCs make up hybrid energy storage units installed in electric vehicles [6][7][8][9], renewable energy systems [10][11][12][13], microgrids [14,15], and public transport vehicles [16]. This hybrid combination presents particular uses as well, such as public works machinery [17], military [18] and recreational vehicles [19], and even maritime transport [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supercapacitors in Constant-Power Applications: Mathematical Analysis for the Calculation of Temperature

et al. 2021

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A set of analytical equations for the calculation of the temperature in supercapacitors operating in constant-power applications is presented in this paper. Although the main operation modes of supercapacitors are constant-current and constant-power charge and discharge, this study was focused on the latter, since both sources and loads act as constant-power systems in a wide range of power conversion facilities. The starting point of this study is the classical supercapacitor model based on electrical and thermal parameters provided by manufacturers or also obtained by experimental means. The proposed mathematical analysis is based on the so-called incomplete gamma function that presents two major advantages over previously existing methods. Firstly, it is not necessary to solve any differential equations system by means of numerical methods, which reduces the required computational effort. Secondly, no simplifications to relief the calculations are made in the computation of any variable. The new formulation renders valid solutions even for high-power demand situations. Moreover, the temperature of the supercapacitor can be expressed as a function of time or any other electrical variable in the charging and discharging processes. Therefore, the proposed formulas are especially remarkable for the electrical and thermal dimensioning of supercapacitors.

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“…One of the parameters, which has a significant impact on efficiency, is the electrical resistance among the gas penetration layer and the polar plates. The electrical resistance between the fuel cell plates causes ohmic drops 10 . The electrical resistance between the dipole plates and the gas penetration layer is the most important part of the ohmic drops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electrical resistance between the fuel cell plates causes ohmic drops. 10 The electrical resistance between the dipole plates and the gas penetration layer is the most important part of the ohmic drops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum parameters extraction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using Fractional‐Order Whale Optimization Algorithm

Ren

Eslami

2022

Energy Science & Engineering

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This study proposes a novel metaheuristic-based technique for optimum parameters' estimation of the proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs).To provide better results with more reliability and accuracy, a Fractional Order-based design of the Whale Optimizer Algorithm (FO-WOA) is designed.A validation test showed that the proposed method provides a good trade-off between accuracy and convergence speed. Performing the algorithm for multiple independent runs also shows that the proposed method delivers reliable results toward some other comparative metaheuristic algorithms. This algorithm is then used for the minimization of the sum of square deviation between the experimental voltage-current polarization and the optimal achieved results by the model based on FO-WOA. The method is validated by considering two practical case studies, which are the Nexa PEMFC and 250 W PEM system, and its achievements are put in comparison with some approaches to indicate the higher effectiveness of the proposed method toward the others. The experimental results on the Nexa PEMFC indicate that the proposed FO-WOA-based method with 12 sum square errors (SSE) provided the minimum error toward the other. Also, the experiments on the 250 W PEM Stack indicated that for 250 W PEM Stack with 3/5 bar and 80°C, the proposed method with 0.01 SSE provides the fittest profile with the experimental data, and finally, the experiments on the same stack with 3/5 bar and 80°C showed the higher accuracy of the proposed method with the least SSE value (0.16) toward the others.

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Fuel cell-supercapacitor topologies benchmark for a three-wheel electric vehicle powertrain

Cited by 21 publications

References 84 publications

Online Health-Conscious Energy Management Strategy for a Hybrid Multi-Stack Fuel Cell Vehicle Based on Game Theory

Online Health-Conscious Energy Management Strategy for a Hybrid Multi-Stack Fuel Cell Vehicle Based on Game Theory

Supercapacitors in Constant-Power Applications: Mathematical Analysis for the Calculation of Temperature

Optimum parameters extraction of proton exchange membrane fuel cells using Fractional‐Order Whale Optimization Algorithm

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