Fuel Cells

Coralli, Alberto; Sarruf, Bernardo Jordão Moreira; Miranda, Paulo Emílio V. de; Osmieri, Luigi; Specchia, Vito; Minh, Nguyễn Quang

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814251-6.00002-2

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 229 publications

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“…In this context, the development of efficient electrochemical energy conversion processes will be essential [3]. H 2 represents a sustainable and non-polluting energy carrier that can be used in mobile and stationary power generators [4]. H 2 can be obtained from water electrolysis using electricity produced by renewable energy sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A schematic representation of a single PEFC, with the reactants, products, H + ions, and electrons conduction directions through the cell, is shown in Figure 1b. The whole membrane and electrodes ensemble is called Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) [4]. To let the electrochemical reactions occur at such low temperatures, the presence of a catalyst is required at both electrodes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transition Metal–Nitrogen–Carbon (M–N–C) Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Insights on Synthesis and Performance in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Osmieri

2019

ChemEngineering

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Platinum group metal (PGM)-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) have attracted increasing interest as potential candidates to replace Pt, in the view of a future widespread commercialization of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) devices, especially for automotive applications. Among different types of PGM-free catalysts, M–N–C materials appear to be the most promising ones in terms of activity. These catalysts can be produced using a wide variety of precursors containing C, N, and one (or more) active transition metal (mostly Fe or Co). The catalysts synthesis methods can be very different, even though they usually involve at least one pyrolysis step. In this review, five different synthesis methods are proposed, and described in detail. Several catalysts, produced approximately in the last decade, were analyzed in terms of performance in rotating disc electrode (RDE), and in H2/O2 or H2/air PEFC. The catalysts are subdivided in five different categories corresponding to the five synthesis methods described, and the RDE and PEFC performance is put in relation with the synthesis method.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transition Metal–Nitrogen–Carbon (M–N–C) Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Insights on Synthesis and Performance in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Osmieri

2019

ChemEngineering

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“…This means that the fuel is split into different components at the electrodes of the fuel cell and electricity is generated. 180 The use of fuel cells for main ship propulsion thus also requires the electrification of a ship whereas now mechanical power delivered by an engine makes the rotor move. Several types of fuel cells exist: the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the molten carbonate fuel cell and the solid oxide fuel cell.…”

Section: Fuel Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in the use of hydrogen for maritime applications

Hoecke

Laffineur

Campe

et al. 2021

Energy Environ. Sci.

224

107

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“…Fuel cells are environmentally-friendly electrochemical conversion devices with zero emissions [81][82][83][84][85] and are generally classified based on the electrolyte material used. This classification includes alkaline fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells and biofuel cells [86,87].…”

Section: Energy Storage and Conversion Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionotropic Gelation of Chitosan Flat Structures and Potential Applications

et al. 2021

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The capability of some polymers, such as chitosan, to form low cost gels under mild conditions is of great application interest. Ionotropic gelation of chitosan has been used predominantly for the preparation of gel beads for biomedical application. Only in the last few years has the use of this method been extended to the fabrication of chitosan-based flat structures. Herein, after an initial analysis of the major applications of chitosan flat membranes and films and their usual methods of synthesis, the process of ionotropic gelation of chitosan and some recently proposed novel procedures for the synthesis of flat structures are presented.

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Fuel Cells

Cited by 31 publications

References 229 publications

Transition Metal–Nitrogen–Carbon (M–N–C) Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Insights on Synthesis and Performance in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Transition Metal–Nitrogen–Carbon (M–N–C) Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. Insights on Synthesis and Performance in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Challenges in the use of hydrogen for maritime applications

Ionotropic Gelation of Chitosan Flat Structures and Potential Applications

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