“…For example, acceleration rate, engine power, top speed, and horse power were used as an indicator of the driving performance of a vehicle in several previous studies (Gonzalez et al, 2015, 2017; Hampf & Krüger, 2014; Jahromi et al, 2013; Lim, 2016; Voltes‐Dorta et al, 2013). However, as the loading capacities for people and for luggage are also important features for consumers when purchasing a vehicle, seating capacity, volume, and boot space were also considered as outputs (Gonzalez et al, 2015, 2017; Jahromi et al, 2013; Li et al, 2021; Voltes‐Dorta et al, 2013). Furthermore, Gonzalez et al (2015, 2017) used the passenger protection score in the EuroNcap crash tests as an output, as there has been increasing emphasis on the importance of safety equipment in recent years.…”