Fuel Ethanol from Cellulosic Biomass

Lynd, Lee R.; Cushman, J. Hall; Nichols, R.J.; Wyman, Charles E.

doi:10.1126/science.251.4999.1318

Cited by 891 publications

(416 citation statements)

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“…Frank et al (2004) examined Sunburst and Dacotah switchgrass cultivars and noted that the net system carbon gain doubled over a three-year period. Combined with the zero net carbon exchange as a result of burning bioethanol from switchgrass, addition of soil carbon results in the overall reduction of atmospheric release of CO 2 (Lynd et al, 1991). However, such gains as a result of carbon sequestration are not guaranteed.…”

Section: Environmental Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switchgrass for bioethanol and other value-added applications: A review

Keshwani

2009

Bioresource Technology

371

195

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Section: Environmental Benefitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switchgrass for bioethanol and other value-added applications: A review

Keshwani

2009

Bioresource Technology

371

195

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“…An important number of research studies have been dedicated to the optimization of conversion processes from lignocellulose to fuel ethanol in the last decades resulting in significant progress [5-10]. Industrial bioethanol production processes usually include a physicochemical pretreatment of the lignocellulosic substrate, which aims at increasing the accessibility of the material to hydrolytic enzymes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of a synthetic mixture composed of major Trichoderma reesei enzymes for the hydrolysis of steam-exploded wheat straw

Billard

Faraj

Ferreira

et al. 2012

Biotechnol Biofuels

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BackgroundAn efficient hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates to soluble sugars for biofuel production necessitates the interplay and synergistic interaction of multiple enzymes. An optimized enzyme mixture is crucial for reduced cost of the enzymatic hydrolysis step in a bioethanol production process and its composition will depend on the substrate and type of pretreatment used. In the present study, an experimental design was used to determine the optimal composition of a Trichoderma reesei enzyme mixture, comprising the main cellulase and hemicellulase activities, for the hydrolysis of steam-exploded wheat straw.MethodsSix enzymes, CBH1 (Cel7a), CBH2 (Cel6a), EG1 (Cel7b), EG2 (Cel5a), as well as the xyloglucanase Cel74a and the xylanase XYN1 (Xyl11a) were purified from a T. reesei culture under lactose/xylose-induced conditions. Sugar release was followed in milliliter-scale hydrolysis assays for 48 hours and the influence of the mixture on initial conversion rates and final yields is assessed.ResultsThe developed model could show that both responses were strongly correlated. Model predictions suggest that optimal hydrolysis yields can be obtained over a wide range of CBH1 to CBH2 ratios, but necessitates a high proportion of EG1 (13% to 25%) which cannot be replaced by EG2. Whereas 5% to 10% of the latter enzyme and a xylanase content above 6% are required for highest yields, these enzymes are predicted to be less important in the initial stage of hydrolysis.ConclusionsThe developed model could reliably predict hydrolysis yields of enzyme mixtures in the studied domain and highlighted the importance of the respective enzyme components in both the initial and the final hydrolysis phase of steam-exploded wheat straw.

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“…8,[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] The shift toward a more diverse feedstock base is an important future research area in Green Chemistry. While as sugars and starches for basic chemical building blocks, it is an important realization that if the scientific innovations are going to be able to be translated to the realm of economic viability and societal benefit, these feedstocks will have to be accessed in a way that does not compete with land and agricultural resources for food and feed production.…”

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confidence: 99%