Fuel property and fuel temperature effects on internal nozzle flow, atomization and cyclic spray fluctuations of a direct injection spark ignition–injector

Zigan, Lars; Shi, Junmei; Krotow, Ivan; Schmitz, Ingo; Wensing, Michael; Leipertz, Alfred

doi:10.1177/1468087413482320

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…There, the spray is sometimes more bent to the "left" or to the "right" while sometimes larger recirculation zones appear at one side, which push the spray in the opposite direction. These vortices and the general spray fluctuations are generated by spray-induced turbulence in the chamber and also by the highly unsteady, cavitating nozzle flow (which leads to variations of the cone angle and bent angle already in the near-nozzle region) [43]. Furthermore, the individual jet may be additionally bended due to jet-to-jet interactions.…”

Section: (2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D mapping of droplet Sauter mean diameter in sprays

et al. 2019

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In this study, we report on the 3D (three-dimensional) characterization of a spray in terms of its droplet SMD (Sauter Mean Diameter) using the LIF (Laser-Induced Fluorescence)/Mie ratio technique. The spray structure is analyzed for a multi-hole DISI (Direct-Injection Spark Ignition) injector. A calibration curve to convert LIF/Mie ratio to droplet diameter is deduced using LIF/Mie imaging and analysis of single droplets generated by a droplet generator. The DISI spray investigated here is optically sectioned by means of two-phase SLIPI (Structured Laser Illumination Planar Imaging) to suppress the intensity of multiple light scattering from LIF and Mie images prior to their ratio. A series of calibrated LIF/Mie ratio images of spray is then recorded at several depths along the Z-direction following the light sheet scanning of the spray. The droplet SMD is ranging from less than 5 µm up to a maximum of 50 µm in single-shot images. The averaged SMD results (1-30 µm) obtained by using the calibration curve from the droplet generator are compared with measurement results from Phase-Doppler Anemometry (PDA). Finally, a 3D map is reconstructed from the successive 2D layers generated from spray scanning. The resulting 3D representation of the droplet SMD shows a non-symmetric spray structure produced by the studied multi-hole injector, which cannot be resolved by analyzing only one central plane.

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Section: (2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

3D mapping of droplet Sauter mean diameter in sprays

et al. 2019

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“…These spatial and temporal variations are also dependent on fuel properties. For example, Zigan et al 7 showed that the liquid fuel viscosity plays a major role in the internal nozzle flow and spray propagation and determines cyclic variations in the shape of DISI sprays. These experiments were conducted for alkane fuels (n-hexane, n-decane) under normal ambient conditions (0.1 MPa, 25 C).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of ethanol and butanol direct-injection spark-ignition sprays using two-phase structured laser illumination planar imaging droplet sizing

Koegl

Mishra

Storch

et al. 2018

International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics

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This paper reports on the spray structure of the biofuels, ethanol, and butanol generated by a multihole direct-injection spark-ignition injector, which is studied in a constant volume chamber. The spray shape and structure are analyzed using two-phase structured laser illumination planar imaging where both laser-induced fluorescence and Mie-scattering light are recorded simultaneously for the extraction of instantaneous laser-induced fluorescence/Mie-scattering ratio images. Quantitative planar measurements of the droplet Sauter mean diameter are conducted, using calibration data from phase-Doppler anemometry. The resulting Sauter mean diameters are presented for ethanol and butanol at various fuel temperatures at different times after the start of injection. It is found that an increase in fuel temperature results in a faster atomization and higher evaporation rate, which leads to reduced spray tip penetration and smaller droplet Sauter mean diameter. At equivalent conditions, butanol consistently showed larger spray tip penetration in comparison to ethanol. This behavior is due to the higher surface tension and viscosity of butanol resulting in the formation of larger droplets and larger Sauter mean diameters in the whole spray region. Finally, the butanol injection also shows larger cyclic variations in the spray shape from injection to injection which is explained by the internal nozzle flow that is influenced by larger fuel viscosity as well. The Sauter mean diameter distribution is also compared to phase-Doppler anemometry data showing good agreement and an uncertainty analysis of the structured laser illumination planar imaging-laser-induced fluorescence/Mie-scattering technique for planar droplet sizing in direct-injection spark-ignition sprays is presented.

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“…Cyclic variations have their origin in turbulent fluctuations. [3][4][5][6] It is also well known that gasto-wall heat flux depends highly on turbulence. All these effects are of major interest for the simulation of an engine cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A quasi-dimensional model of turbulence and global charge motion for spark ignition engines with fully variable valvetrains

Grasreiner

Neumann

Luttermann

et al. 2014

International Journal of Engine Research

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In this article, a new in-cylinder turbulence modeling approach aims at the improvement of quasi-dimensional simulations for modern spark ignition engines with fully variable valvetrains. Within the derived quasi-dimensional turbulence model, the turbulent production term can physically react on a change of engine operation (e.g. intake valve lift, intake valve timing, engine speed and boost pressure). Moreover, the approach offers access to detailed charge motion quantities for the first time in quasi-dimensional calculations. Hence, it is able to satisfy qualitative and quantitative turbulence descriptions within the entire operating range of the engine.

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Fuel property and fuel temperature effects on internal nozzle flow, atomization and cyclic spray fluctuations of a direct injection spark ignition–injector

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

3D mapping of droplet Sauter mean diameter in sprays

3D mapping of droplet Sauter mean diameter in sprays

Analysis of ethanol and butanol direct-injection spark-ignition sprays using two-phase structured laser illumination planar imaging droplet sizing

A quasi-dimensional model of turbulence and global charge motion for spark ignition engines with fully variable valvetrains

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