Fuel Quality Effects on Particulate Matter Emissions from Light- and Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

Ouden, C.J.J. den; Clark, Richard H.; Cowley, Leonie; Stradling, Richard; Lange, Wilfried; Maillard, C.

doi:10.4271/942022

Cited by 47 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The PM mass in primary and secondary emissions from diesel was higher than B20 by an order of magnitude. Numerous studies in the literature have indicated similar trends Cowley et al, 1993;Den Ouden et al, 1994;Kalligeros et al, 2003;Lange, 1991). Oxygen content of B20 favors efficient fuel combustion resulting in the lower PM mass (Akasaka et al, 1997;American Biofuels Association, 1995;Owen & Coley, 1995).…”

Section: Physical Characterization Of Particulatesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Assessment of toxic potential of primary and secondary particulates/aerosols from biodiesel vis-à-vis mineral diesel fuelled engine

Agarwal

Gupta

Dixit

et al. 2013

Inhalation Toxicology

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Toxicity of engine out emissions from primary and secondary aerosols has been a major cause of concern for human health and environmental impact. This study aims to evaluate comparative toxicity of nanoparticles emitted from a modern common rail direct injection engine (CRDI) fuelled with biodiesel blend (B20) vis-à-vis mineral diesel. The toxicity and potential health hazards of exhaust particles were assessed using various parameters such as nanoparticle size and number distribution, surface area distribution, elemental and organic carbon content and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons adsorbed onto the particle surfaces, followed by toxic equivalent factor assessment. It was found that biodiesel particulate toxicity was considerably lower in comparison to mineral diesel.

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Section: Physical Characterization Of Particulatesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Assessment of toxic potential of primary and secondary particulates/aerosols from biodiesel vis-à-vis mineral diesel fuelled engine

Agarwal

Gupta

Dixit

et al. 2013

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…The composite NO x emissions correlated strongly with fuel total aromatic content and density. It is well known that fuel-bound sulphur is oxidized to form a sulphuric acid aerosol (sulphates) inside the combustion chamber of diesel engines and that a fraction of the sulphates condense on PM filters [7][8][9]. Since it is generally not possible to control the sulphur content of test fuels derived from refinery streams, the experiment was designed to take sulphate emission variations between test fuels into account so that the effects of other properties are not masked.…”

Section: Composite Emissions Of the Test Fuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine with EGR using Fuels Derived from Oil Sands and Conventional Crude

Neill

Chippior

Cooley

et al. 2003

SAE Technical Paper Series

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The exhaust emissions from a single-cylinder version of a heavy-duty diesel engine with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) were studied using 12 diesel fuels derived from oil sands and conventional sources. The test fuels were blended from 22 refinery streams to produce four fuels (two from each source) at three different total aromatic levels (10, 20, and 30% by mass). The cetane numbers were held constant at 43. Exhaust emissions were measured using the AVL eight-mode steady-state test procedure. PM emissions were accurately modeled by a single regression equation with two predictors, total aromatics and sulphur content. Sulphate emissions were found to be independent of the type of sulphur compound in the fuel. NO x emissions were accurately modeled by a single regression equation with total aromatics and density as predictor variables. PM and NO x emissions were significantly affected by fuel properties, but crude oil source did not play a role.

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“…Fuel sulfur and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content (PAH) are shown due to their relation with engine-out particle emissions. [25][26][27][28][29] …”

Section: Diesel Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of intake pressure on particle size and number emissions from premixed diesel low-temperature combustion

Desantes

Benajes

García-Oliver

et al. 2013

International Journal of Engine Research

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SAGE Publications (UK and US)Desantes Fernández, JM.; Benajes Calvo, JV.; García Oliver, JM.; Kolodziej, CP. (2014). Effects of intake pressure on particle size and number emissions from premixed diesel lowtemperature combustion. ABSTRACTIn this study, ten premixed Diesel Low Temperature Combustion engine operating conditions were chosen based on engine intake pressure (1.2 -1.6 bar), intake oxygen concentration (10%, 11%, and 12%), and injection timing (-24°aTDC in all cases). At each intake oxygen concentration, the effect of intake pressure on combustion parameters and emissions measurements (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter mass concentration, and particle size distributions) was analyzed. Although increased intake pressure resulted in higher in-cylinder charge air density which improved fuel-air premixing and late-cycle oxidation quality, higher intake pressure also advanced the start of combustion (SOC) and thereby decreased the time available for fuel and air premixing. But even with the decrease in premixing time available before SOC, increased intake pressure caused significant decreases in carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, particulate matter (PM) mass, and particle number emissions. Particle size distribution measurements allowed greater understanding of how higher intake pressure decreased the PM mass concentrations with respect to particle size. To further investigate the experimental results, a 0D engine heat release code was used to analyze combustion temperatures and a 1D free spray model was used to estimate the relative levels of liquid fuel spray impingement on the piston surface and maximum local equivalence ratio at SOC for each test case. Therefore, though the premixing time was shortened by higher intake pressures, the decreased emissions were understood by combined effects of enhanced fuel and air premixing quality and much improved late-cycle oxidation near the end of combustion.

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Fuel Quality Effects on Particulate Matter Emissions from Light- and Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

Cited by 47 publications

References 13 publications

Assessment of toxic potential of primary and secondary particulates/aerosols from biodiesel vis-à-vis mineral diesel fuelled engine

Assessment of toxic potential of primary and secondary particulates/aerosols from biodiesel vis-à-vis mineral diesel fuelled engine

Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine with EGR using Fuels Derived from Oil Sands and Conventional Crude

Effects of intake pressure on particle size and number emissions from premixed diesel low-temperature combustion

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