Fuel Versus Food

Chakravorty, Ujjayant; Hubert, Marie-Hélène; Nøstbakken, Linda

doi:10.1146/annurev.resource.050708.144200

Cited by 87 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Their smaller scale of production also presents less of a perceived threat to food security compared to biofuel production, although the "food vs. fuel" debate often ignores concurrent demographic and economic developments [1,5,6]. Furthermore, bio-based products have the ability to outcompete petroleum due to the richness in chemical building blocks, especially optically pure compounds.…”

Section: Bio-based Polymers Can Lead the Way To A Future With Reducedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Polymers from Lignocellulosic Biomass: State of the Art

Ten

Vermerris

2013

Polymers

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Abstract:Since the realization that global sustainability depends on renewable sources of materials and energy, there has been an ever-increasing need to develop bio-based polymers that are able to replace petroleum-based polymers. Research in this field has shown strong potential in generating high-performance functionalized polymers from plant biomass. With the anticipated large-scale production of lignocellulosic biomass, lignin, cellulose and hemicellulosic polysaccharides will be abundantly available renewable feedstocks for biopolymers and biocomposites with physico-chemical properties that match or exceed those of petroleum-based compounds. This review examines the state of the art regarding advances and challenges in synthesis and applications of specialty polymers and composites derived from cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, ending with a brief assessment of genetic modification as a route to tailor crop plants for specific applications.

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Section: Bio-based Polymers Can Lead the Way To A Future With Reducedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Polymers from Lignocellulosic Biomass: State of the Art

Ten

Vermerris

2013

Polymers

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“…In our model = 1=[c( 1) + 1] where c and 1 c are the cost shares for each speci…c input factor of a Cobb-Douglas production function and > 1 indicates the degree of decreasing returns to scale, see Appendix A.1. 4 Note in fact that…”

Section: Basic Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Farmland Investments in Africa: What's the Deal?

Corato

Heß

2014

SSRN Journal

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Large-scale foreign investments in African farmland are rising and may contribute to agricultural productivity growth and economic development. However, host countries sometimes have to wait longer for the economic bene…ts to arrive than initially expected. In this respect, the timing of project development is crucial and depends on the economic incentives provided to the investors. We therefore present a dynamic stochastic programming model that re ‡ects the typical bargaining situation concerning large land deals in Africa and allows the e¤ect of market-and country-speci…c risks and taxation to be assessed. The model shows that commodity price volatility increases the value of the land development option, but slows down the land development process. Furthermore, it shows that host country attempts to negotiate …xed commitments to the speed of project development may run counter to the structure of economic incentives at the project site. The applicability of the model is demonstrated for a recent 10,000-hectare cotton project in Ethiopia. Response surface estimations suggest that Ethiopia has negotiated a contract under which it will receive about half the expected total project value, as long as it levies the regular corporate tax rate. keywords: foreign direct investment, land leasing, real options, nash bargaining. jel classification: C61, D81, F23, Q24.We wish to thank the participants at the 2013 AAEA & CAES Joint Annual Meeting for useful comments and suggestions. The usual disclaimer applies.y Corresponding address:

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“…Increased biofuel production imposes adverse effects on land and water recourses . With the expansion of biofuels, more natural ecosystems are switched to agricultural use, releasing CO 2 originally stored in ecosystems into the atmosphere (Chakravorty et al, 2009;Fargione et al, 2008). Searchinger et al (2008) estimated that greenhouse gas emission would double over 30 years and last for 167 years due to conversion from natural habitat to cropland caused by increased of biofuel production.…”

Section: Demandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the Energy Act of 2005, a stronger relationship between corn and biofuel (ethanol) has emerged (Muhammad and Kebed, 2009). Although still questionable, biofuel is considered a key transmitter of energy prices to the agricultural prices (Arndt et al, 2008;Chakravorty et al, 2009;Chen et al, 2011;Hochman et al 2010;Ignacuik and Dellink, 2006;Runge and Senauer, 2007;Lazear, 2008;Mitchell, 2008;Muhammad and Kebed, 2009;Sexton et al, 2009;Taheripour and Tyner, 2008;Yahaya, 2006). Recently, corn price volatility has contributed to the integration between the energy market and the agricultural commodity market (Mcphail and Babcock, 2008).…”

Section: Previous Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%