Fuels properties, characterizations and engine and emission performance analyses of ternary waste cooking oil biodiesel–diesel–propanol blends

Bencheikh, Kamel; Atabani, A.E.; Shobana, Sutha; Mohammed, M. N.; Uğuz, Gediz; Arpa, Orhan; Kumar, Gopalakrishnan; Ayanoğlu, Abdülkadir; Bokhari, Awais

doi:10.1016/j.seta.2019.08.007

Cited by 64 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…B100 has a total degree of unsaturation (DU) of 102.5, calculated following the procedure of other researchers. 6 , 26 − 30 The B100 sample included two distinct features, including a broad peak for the first event with an onset of −10.1 °C and the second event exhibited a sharp feature with an onset at −57.6 °C. These are consistent with other findings, indicating a higher-onset temperature for saturated components and a lower-onset temperature for unsaturated components.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 27 , 31 The B100 onset of −10.1 °C is in general agreement with the DU trends found for methyl tallowate (DU 73.6, onset 7.0°C), soybean oil methyl ester (DU 84.5, onset 2.20 °C), hemp methyl ester (DU 128.5, onset −5.27 °C), methyl soyate (DU 143.8, onset −6.5 °C), and Aleurties moluccanus methyl ester (DU 180.4, onset −9.96 °C). 30 , 31 , 34 …”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Locally Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Grease Using a Deep Eutectic Solvent: Characterization, Thermal Properties, and Blend Performance

et al. 2021

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As part of local sustainability efforts, biodiesel was synthesized via transesterification using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) without further washing from on-campus, dining facility waste cooking oil and grease. Before moving forward with repurposing used DES as a solvent in chemistry teaching labs, we determined the suitability of the biodiesel as an alternative fuel blended with diesel to power campus utility vehicles. Biodiesel components were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR), viscometer, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and evolved gas analysis during pyrolysis with a thermogravimetric analyzer coupled with FTIR (TGA-FTIR). The four major components of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) in the biodiesel were methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, methyl palmitate, and methyl stearate. Kinematic viscosity over typical temperature ranges was within optimal values recommended by the American Biodiesel Standard (ASTM D6751), with a 30:70 biodiesel/diesel blend experimental viscosity of 3.43 cSt at 40 °C and a calculated viscosity of 10.13 cSt at 0 °C. The pure biodiesel’s cold-temperature onset of crystal formation is −10.1 °C versus −16.4 °C for a 30:70 biodiesel/diesel blend. Pyrolysis indicates good thermal stability, however, with an increased CO 2 evolution in the blended fuel at higher temperatures as compared to that in the pure biodiesel and the pure diesel. Combustion gas analysis indicates virtually complete combustion of the blended fuel to CO 2 and H 2 O with only trace amounts of CO. Overall results indicate that the biodiesel synthesized using DES is a suitable fuel for campus utility vehicles in the local moderate temperature climate and affords increased local sustainability by using used DES repurposed in our chemistry teaching labs.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Locally Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Grease Using a Deep Eutectic Solvent: Characterization, Thermal Properties, and Blend Performance

et al. 2021

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“…Fuel properties of the biodiesel synthesized were found to exhibit appreciable fuel properties. (Table 4 [24]. The flash points for neem and jatropha (Table 4) are 173±1.11 and 135±1.14 respectively; while the fire points for neem and jatropha are 205±0.11 and 193±0.01 o C respectively.…”

Section: Fuel Properties Of Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Biodiesels have significant potential for use as an alternative fuel in compression-ignition diesel engines [24]. For this to be materialized, biodiesel must comply with existing standards [21].…”

Section: Fuel Properties Of Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) Seed Oils using Whole-Cell Biocatalyst

Mustapha¹,

Bawa²,

Ali³

2020

JCSN

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Increasing demands coupled with environmental effects of conventional fuels have over time been a source of great concern to seek cost-efficient and environmentally friendly fuels. This work is therefore, to determine the fuel properties of biodiesel from neem (Azadirachta indica) and jatropha (Jatropha curcas) seed oils using whole-cell biocatalyst. Seeds of both neem and jatropha wyere extracted from kernels using a two-staged mechanical process. Whole-cell biocatalyst-mediated trans-esterification of oils into fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) were achieved by the used of isolated strains of Rhizopus orizae. After pretreatment, the percentage yield of oils from seed kernels of neem and jatropha were found to be 29.49±0.12% and 34.18±0.16% respectively while biodiesel yields from oils of neem and jatropha were 91.20±0.02% and 89.90±0.08%. The neem and jatropha based biodiesels had specific gravities of 0.879±0.002 and 0.877±0.001, flash points (173±1.11 and 135±1.14oC); fire points (205±0.11 and (193±0.01oC) water and sediments (0.04±0.001 and 0.02±0.001%); kinematic viscosity (2.30±03 and 2.10±0.06 cst @ 37.8oC); API gravity (29.48±0.37) and (29.85±1.9); free fatty acids (0.65±0.03 and 0.38±0.04% KOH); ash contents (0.03±0.001 and 0.01±0.001%); iodine number (79.6±0.1 and 20 ±0.2 mg I2/g); saponification value (186.38 ± 0.17) and (191.75 ± 0.11mg (KOH)/g); and peroxide value (7.91±0.09 and 2.50 ± 0.03mg/kg), respectively. Fuel properties of biodiesel compared favorably with American standards for testing materials (ASTM) established limits for biodiesel fuels which showed great potentials in the use of non-food oils coupled with green chemistry in the field of biodiesel research and development.

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“…The other blends experienced some problems in these temperature ranges. Bencheikh et al (Bencheikh et al, 2019) studied the effect of blending diesel with waste cooking biodiesel on cold flow properties. The authors reported that blending 80% diesel with 20% waste cooking biodiesel reduces CP, PP, and CFPP by 17, 21, and 21°C, respectively.…”

Section: Blending With Conventional Diesel Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mini Review on the Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel and its Blends

et al. 2020

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Biodiesels are renewable fuel that may be produced from various feedstock using different techniques. It is endorsed in some countries of the world as a viable substitute to diesel fuel. While biodiesel possesses numerous benefits, the cold flow properties (CFP) of biodiesel in comparison with petro-diesel are significantly less satisfactory. This is due to the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid esters. The poor CFP of biodiesel subsequently affects performance in cold weather and damages the engine fuel system, as well as chokes the fuel filter, fuel inlet lines, and injector nozzle. Previously, attempts were made to minimize the damaging impact of bad cold flow through the reduction of pour point, cloud point, and the cold filter plugging point of biodiesel. This study is focused on the biodiesel CFP-related mechanisms and highlights the factors that initialize and pace the crystallization process. This review indicates that the CFP of biodiesel fuel can be improved by utilizing different techniques. Winterisation of some biodiesel has been shown to improve CFP significantly. Additives such as polymethyl acrylate improved CFP by 3-9 ° C. However, it is recommended that improvement methods in terms of fuel properties and efficiency should be carefully studied and tested before being implemented in industrial applications as this might impact biodiesel yield, cetane number, etc.

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Fuels properties, characterizations and engine and emission performance analyses of ternary waste cooking oil biodiesel–diesel–propanol blends

Cited by 64 publications

References 45 publications

Locally Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Grease Using a Deep Eutectic Solvent: Characterization, Thermal Properties, and Blend Performance

Locally Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Grease Using a Deep Eutectic Solvent: Characterization, Thermal Properties, and Blend Performance

Fuel Properties of Biodiesel from Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) Seed Oils using Whole-Cell Biocatalyst

A Mini Review on the Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel and its Blends

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