Fugitive Salmon: Assessing the Risks of Escaped Fish from Net-Pen Aquaculture

Naylor, Rosamond L.; Hindar, Kjetil; Fleming, Ian A.; Goldburg, Rebecca J.; Williams, Susan L.; Volpe, John P.; Whoriskey, Fred; Eagle, Josh; Kelso, Dennis; Mangel, Marc

doi:10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0427:fsatro]2.0.co;2

Cited by 360 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

295

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial farming of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) has increased markedly over the past few decades, raising concerns over the genetic and ecological impacts on native populations (Naylor et al, 2005). Escapes from open net-pen culture facilities regularly occur, either via chronic lowlevel 'leakage' or acute events (for example, storms) that release thousands of fish at one time (Naylor et al, 2005). Many wild Atlantic salmon stocks are currently severely depleted (ICES, 2010) and in some regions farm escapees can account for a third or more of salmon caught at sea (Hansen et al, 1999) or on the spawning grounds (Fiske et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Quantifying heritable variation in fitness-related traits of wild, farmed and hybrid Atlantic salmon families in a wild river environment

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Farmed fish are typically genetically different from wild conspecifics. Escapees from fish farms may contribute one-way gene flow from farm to wild gene pools, which can depress population productivity, dilute local adaptations and disrupt coadapted gene complexes. Here, we reanalyse data from two experiments (McGinnity et al., 1997(McGinnity et al., , 2003 where performance of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) progeny originating from experimental crosses between farm and wild parents (in three different cohorts) were measured in a natural stream under common garden conditions. Previous published analyses focussed on group-level differences but did not account for pedigree structure, as we do here using modern mixed-effect models. Offspring with one or two farm parents exhibited poorer survival in their first and second year of life compared with those with two wild parents and these group-level inferences were robust to excluding outlier families. Variation in performance among farm, hybrid and wild families was generally similar in magnitude. Farm offspring were generally larger at all life stages examined than wild offspring, but the differences were moderate (5-20%) and similar in magnitude in the wild versus hatchery environments. Quantitative genetic analyses conducted using a Bayesian framework revealed moderate heritability in juvenile fork length and mass and positive genetic correlations (40.85) between these morphological traits. Our study confirms (using more rigorous statistical techniques) previous studies showing that offspring of wild fish invariably have higher fitness and contributes fresh insights into family-level variation in performance of farm, wild and hybrid Atlantic salmon families in the wild. It also adds to a small, but growing, number of studies that estimate key evolutionary parameters in wild salmonid populations. Such information is vital in modelling the impacts of introgression by escaped farm salmon.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying heritable variation in fitness-related traits of wild, farmed and hybrid Atlantic salmon families in a wild river environment

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The developers have promoted its introduction into net-pen, marine aquaculture, by pointing to the benefits of decreased residence time and increased food efficiency. Opponents, however, have suggested that it poses serious ecological risks, many of which are analogous to risks from the cultured Atlantic salmon currently used in commercial aquaculture (Naylor et al 2005;Jonsson and Jonsson 2006). Additionally, scientists cannot "rule out the possibility that some transgenic fishes will pose greater ecological risk than fishes whose endogenous genes have been simply recombined through artificial selection, hybridization of closely related species, or ploidy manipulation" (Kapuscinski and Hallerman 1991: 101).…”

Section: Journal Of Political Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salmon escapees from aquaculture farms compete with wild salmon for mating partners and with both wild salmon and other species for food and habitat. Farmed salmon escapees may successfully displace wild individuals (Naylor et al 2005;Volpe et al 2000). This is particularly important because of other pressures that endangered and threatened salmon populations face, like disease, urban and agricultural run-off, dams, increased water temperature, ocean acidification, and sedimentation.…”

Section: Journal Of Political Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sowing seeds of hope in California's fields of resistance to Pharm rice and Frankenfish

Zivian

2013

Journal of Political Ecology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Accidental release of cultured fish and nutrient inputs through organic waste are two of the main impacts of salmonid cage-culture on ecosystems worldwide (Naylor et al, 2005;Podemski and Blanchfield, 2006). Salmonid escapees from culture operations may alter native species composition, abundance and distribution of organisms from the lowest to the highesttrophiclevels,andultimately,ecosystemservices (Findlay et al, 2009;Johnston et al, 2010;Olaussen and Liu, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Native and exotic fishes in a Patagonian reservoir with rainbow trout cage culture: spatial and trophic resource use

Jodar

Becker

Blasetti³

et al. 2017

Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

-Although the interactions of exotic salmonids with native Patagonian fishes are well known, little is known about the ecology and impact of farmed fish escapees. Salmonid production in Argentina is largely concentrated in the Alicurá reservoir in north Patagonia, where fish community studies have been scarce. Here, we assess and compare the spatial distribution, body size-condition and diet of the different fish species in this reservoir. Strong vertical segregation was observed between exotic rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (both escapees and wild), dominating the littoral zone, and native Percichthys trucha which dominate the medium and deep strata. Low piscivory-benthivory and high zooplanktivory were observed for rainbow trout, both traits being uncommon at a regional scale. Escaped farmed rainbow trout (ERT) diet included abundant indigestible items along with wild prey. Higher body condition of P. trucha close to farms, as well as the regionally unprecedented high incidence of Daphnia sp. in the guts of all the species suggest that farm nutrient discharges have had significant impacts. Finally, the high body condition of ERT, together with their wild food diet and the long dispersal distance observed, demonstrate post-escape success, drawing our attention to potential upstream dispersion affecting the biodiversity and fisheries of Patagonian rivers and lakes.Keywords: aquaculture impact / freshwater salmonid / niche segregation / diet / Patagonia Résumé -Poissons indigènes et exotiques dans un réservoir de Patagonie avec aquaculture en cage de truites arc-en-ciel : utilisation des ressources spatiales et trophiques. Bien que les interactions des salmonidés exotiques avec les poissons patagoniens indigènes soient bien connues, on connaît peu l'écologie et l'impact des poissons échappés d'élevage. La production de salmonidés en Argentine est largement concentrée dans le réservoir d'Alicurá dans le nord de la Patagonie, où les études sur les communautés de poissons ont été rares. Ici, nous évaluons et comparons la répartition spatiale, la taille du corps et l'alimentation des différentes espèces de poissons dans ce réservoir. Une ségrégation verticale forte a été observée entre la truite arc-en-ciel exotique Oncorhynchus mykiss (à la fois évadée et sauvage), dominant la zone littorale et Percichthys trucha natif qui domine les couches moyennes et profondes. Un faible comportement piscivore-benthivore et un régime zooplanctivore important ont été observés pour la truite arc-en-ciel, les deux traits étant peu fréquents à l'échelle régionale. Le régime de la truite arc-en-ciel échappée des cages (ERT) comprenait des composés indigestes abondants et des proies sauvages. Un coefficient de condition élevé de P. trucha près des fermes, ainsi que l'incidence locale sans précédent de Daphnia sp. dans les estomacs de toutes les espèces suggère que les rejets de nutriments aquacoles ont eu des impacts importants. Enfin, le bon état corporel des ERT, ainsi que leur régime alimentaire et la longue distance de ...

show abstract

Fugitive Salmon: Assessing the Risks of Escaped Fish from Net-Pen Aquaculture

Cited by 360 publications

References 36 publications

Quantifying heritable variation in fitness-related traits of wild, farmed and hybrid Atlantic salmon families in a wild river environment

Quantifying heritable variation in fitness-related traits of wild, farmed and hybrid Atlantic salmon families in a wild river environment

Sowing seeds of hope in California's fields of resistance to Pharm rice and Frankenfish

Native and exotic fishes in a Patagonian reservoir with rainbow trout cage culture: spatial and trophic resource use

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About