Fulani-Dogon Killings in Mali: Farmer-Herder Conflicts as Insurgency and Counterinsurgency

Benjaminsen, Tor A.; Ba, Boubacar

doi:10.1080/19392206.2021.1925035

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Ahmadu and Ayuba (2018) argue "that the use of group-solidarity" by both farmers and herders contributed to expanding the FPCs (p. 33). The study agrees that ethnicity is not the driver of the FPCs (Benjaminsen & Ba, 2021) but argues that, while ethnicity is not the primary root of the conflict, it should not be side-lined completely. In conclusion, thus, the paper argues the need to put ethnicity in context in the analysis of the FPCs, to avoid ethnic-deterministic trappings that have typified earlier explanations of African conflicts which have faced criticism in the scholarly domain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The thoughts of Ake, Sabelo Ndlovu-Gatsheni, and Maiangwa call for exploring how ethnicity plays a role in the FPCs in West Africa. Debate on the role of ethnicity in the FPC is still ongoing, with many studies, especially in Ghana, championing the ethnic narrative, while other studies, especially those who identify as political ecologists, argue that ethnicity is not the root cause of the conflict (Benjaminsen & Ba, 2021). The question then is that in what way(s) does ethnicity become essential to the manifestation of the FPCs?…”

Section: Ethnicity and The Fpcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethnic faultline in the farmer–pastoralist conflict (FPC) – when does ethnicity matter to the FPCs? A case study of Adani-Nimbo area in South-Eastern Nigeria

Nwankwo

Okafor

2022

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The farmer–pastoralist conflict (FPC) has been discussed and given ethnic and religious appellations in some countries of West Africa, such as Ghana and Nigeria. In Nigeria, such a reading of the conflict is rampant in the media and dominant in national political discourse. However, these ethno-religious insinuations have not received serious scholarly treatment in Nigeria or been downplayed. In this paper, I examine the context in which ethnicity becomes vital to the FPCs, based on fieldwork in the Nimbo-Adani area of Uzo-Uwani municipal council of Enugu State affected most by the conflict in South-Eastern Nigeria. This area is an essential hot spot of the FPCs that has not been explored in analyzing the FPCs in Nigeria. The study is based on field observations and semi-structured in-depth interviews. The paper draws on the FPCs literature regarding the influence of ethnic identities on the conflict. It shows that the difference in ethnicity between pastoralists and farming communities is not the primary root of the conflict. At the first outbreak of violence, the difference in ethnicity was not the cause of the conflict. Ethnic identity only gets cited after the first brutal fighting between the nomads and the farming community. Non-violent conflicts often occur because of cattle destruction of farm crops and pollution of water sources. Although the herders are accused of various atrocities, such as rape and kidnapping, the first outbreak of violence was caused by retaliation for killing a herder in one of the villages. Heightening ethnic identity amplifies the construction of the herders’ identity and social status as non-indigenous and non-belonging in the villages. Thus, the villages seek the eviction of the herders based on their social status as non-indigenes. The paper argues that ethnic faultlines matter to the FPCs but only after other factors have initiated the conflict. Therefore, we should pay attention to the primary root of conflicts and how they get the basis for social exclusion activated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Ethnicity and The Fpcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic faultline in the farmer–pastoralist conflict (FPC) – when does ethnicity matter to the FPCs? A case study of Adani-Nimbo area in South-Eastern Nigeria

Nwankwo

Okafor

2022

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“…Given the fact that the vulnerability to climate change impacts has reinforced conflicts and terrorism, the Green Great Wall initiative has the potential of addressing these challenges. In the Sahel, just like in other jurisdictions, there is a strong link between poverty, hopelessness, dissatisfaction and recruitment of people into terrorist groups [30] . Therefore, if people have decent and sustainable jobs, it becomes difficult to recruit them into terrorist organizations as an income generation strategy.…”

Section: Terrorism and The African Great Green Wall In West African S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Terrorism on Biodiversity Management in West Africa Sahel: A Review

2022

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Over the past 50 years, a number of homegrown solutions and international development assistance have been initiated and implemented to address the West Africa Sahel region’s biodiversity resources decline. This ranges from indigenous/community led natural resources regeneration and land restoration techniques, funding and technical support in developing protected areas, military aid, specialized training of forest rangers and massive education of populace on biodiversity protection. Terrorist activities have negatively affected the biodiversity management in West Africa Sahel. However, there is a paucity of information about the impacts of terrorist activities on biodiversity management in West Africa. Therefore, this study tries to close this knowledge gap by describing and highlighting the impact of terrorism on biodiversity in West Africa Sahel. The authors used a systematic review of data through search engines like Google scholar, Z-library, Mendeley, Researchgate and Jstor for reports, scientific articles, books, field notes and other already published materials. The authors also consulted videos and media reports on YouTube, France24, PBS news etc. The study highlighted the key impacts of terrorist activities on biodiversity management. Some of these include the kidnaping of foresters, hijacking and controlling the management protected area like the case of Park W, destroying forest/bush fires, the use of explosive and poaching. These activities destroy animals’ habitats and therefore causing biodiversity depletion. The authors recommend the enhancement of the framework of protect areas, enhance the management of conflicts between population around protected areas as some sustainable solutions to biodiversity management. The Sahel states should strengthen their cooperation in building the capacities of the citizens in reducing the viability of terrorism through sustainable green jobs.

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“…Hence, understanding the micro-level perception and management of climate change is therefore essential to inform policy makers especially for localities like Central Mali. Indeed, located between the Sahara and the Sahel this area severely suffers from violence and communal conflict see for instance [7][8][9]. In parallel, the region is exposed to extreme climatic shocks with agriculture and livestock breeding being the main economic occupations of local communities [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of Climate Change Impacts on Livelihoods in Central Mali

Maiga

Fall

2023

AJAEES

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The main objective of this research is to analyze the perceptions of local communities on climate change and its impacts on livelihoods in Central Mali. A survey data collected using multistage random sampling methods have been used for that purpose. From the result, the multinomial logit analysis, shows that households in Central Mali are well aware of climate change, its different manifestations (change in temperature, in precipitation duration and amount, in wind etc.) and the related adverse effects on their livelihoods. However, they face considerable challenges in adapting to those changes in climate. Lack of funds and credit facilities, lack of access to timely weather information, lack of technologies (physical infrastructure, technical material and equipment), lack of knowledge regarding adaptation technics (required human skills, e.g., applying specific planning and management approaches and methods), lack of appropriate seeds have been identified as the major critical barriers to climate change adaptation in the region. These constraints probably explain why individuals often resort to poor but more affordable adaptation strategies which are conflict sensitive and likely to disrupt social cohesion between local communities. In this context, implementing policies aiming at improving the effectiveness of extension services in supporting households to better adapt to climate change could be of great importance.

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Fulani-Dogon Killings in Mali: Farmer-Herder Conflicts as Insurgency and Counterinsurgency

Cited by 42 publications

References 54 publications

Ethnic faultline in the farmer–pastoralist conflict (FPC) – when does ethnicity matter to the FPCs? A case study of Adani-Nimbo area in South-Eastern Nigeria

Ethnic faultline in the farmer–pastoralist conflict (FPC) – when does ethnicity matter to the FPCs? A case study of Adani-Nimbo area in South-Eastern Nigeria

Impacts of Terrorism on Biodiversity Management in West Africa Sahel: A Review

Perception of Climate Change Impacts on Livelihoods in Central Mali

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