Fulfilment of minimum acceptable diet (MAD), short birth length and family income level are associated with stunting in children aged 6-23 months in Central Jakarta

Abstract

Introduction: Stunting is a condition characterised by retardation in the growth and development of children as a result of chronic inadequate nutritional intake and/or recurrent infectious diseases. This research aims to determine the factors related to stunting occurrence among children aged 6-23 months. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2019. The sample was 231 children selected by multistage random sampling technique from 13 Posyandu (integrated healthcare centres) in six administrative villages located across three sub-districts of the Central Jakarta region. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of stunting was 26.0% and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) was only met by 31.6% of the children studied. Chi-square analysis revealed that short birth length (OR=2.176; 95% CI: 1.155–4.098) and family income level (OR=0.388; 95% CI: 0.201–0.749) were significantly associated with stunting. Logistic regression showed that fulfilment of MAD, short birth length (OR=0.471; 95% CI: 0.244–0.909), and family income (OR=0.387; 95% CI: 0.197–0.759) were significant factors for stunting among children 6-23 months in Central Jakarta in 2019, with fulfilment of MAD as a dominant factor (OR=3.29; 95% CI: 1.171–9.241). Conclusion: More efforts need to be done to achieve the recommended MAD for all children aged between 6-23 months and to prevent short birth length. Large scale studies to explore the role of MAD in reducing stunting and qualitative studies to identify the constraints and promoting factors to better infant and young child feeding practices are imperative for programme improvement.

Predictor of Stunting Among Children 0-24 Months Old in Indonesia: A Scoping Review

“…This finding further supported by a prior systematic review that identified exclusive breastfeeding as a significant protective factor against stunting in children under five years old (Rachmayanti et al, 2022). When it comes to complementary feeding and poor-quality food consumption, infrequent feeding, poor micronutrient intake, and low dietary diversity have emerged as predictors elevating stunting risk (Hijra et al, 2016;Madinar et al, 2021;Nurhayati et al, 2020). Our findings consolidate several studies that have identified associations between feeding practices and the incidence of stunting in Indonesia, a pattern previously highlighted by Beal et al (2018) in their review focusing on children aged 6-59 months.…”

“…This condition is often an indicator of inadequate fetal growth and can result from factors such as poor maternal nutrition, maternal health problems, and placental insufficiency (Gonete et al, 2021;Jamshed et al, 2020). Furthermore, a study revealed that 23% of children with short birth length children also had low birth weight (Madinar et al, 2021), further underscoring the interconnectedness of these predictors.…”

“…In the context of dietary diversity, a research indicates that the likelihood of stunting is reduced by 83% when food groups encompass over four variations (Nurhayati et al, 2020), a factor of significance given the tendency of Indonesia children exhibit less diverse diets (Basri et al, 2021). Then, Madinar et al (2021) found that failing to meet the minimum acceptable diet increases the odds of stunting by 3.29, while Hijra et al (2016) found that inadequate complementary feeding practices and poor quality had an odds ratio of 8.26 for stunting.…”

Stunting predictors among children aged 0-24 months in Southeast Asia: a scoping review

“…Another 720 articles were excluded following the PRISMA-ScR flow diagram (see Figure 1). Of 27 studies, the predictors of stunting have been widely studied in Indonesia (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23) . Other Southeast Asian countries that have also studied the predictors of stunting are the Philippines (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29) , Cambodia (30)(31)(32) , Vietnam (33)(34) , Myanmar (35)(36) , Malaysia (37)(38) , and Brunei Darussalam (39) .…”

“…Other Southeast Asian countries that have also studied the predictors of stunting are the Philippines (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29) , Cambodia (30)(31)(32) , Vietnam (33)(34) , Myanmar (35)(36) , Malaysia (37)(38) , and Brunei Darussalam (39) . From our defined population, few studies appear to have specifically studied the predictors of stunting in children aged 6-24 months only (19)(20)(27)(28)(31)(32)(33)(35)(36) and/or have also examined the caregiver or household of children (15,(24)(25)(29)(30)34) . Regarding the study designs used, secondary data analysis (14/27 studies) is the most widely used study design.…”